Term
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Definition
v = d/t (distance / time)
meters/second
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Term
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Definition
a = (v2-v1)/t
meters/second^2 |
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Term
| Height of a falling object |
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Definition
hfalling object = 1/2gt2
meters |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fcentripetal = mv2/r]
N, Newton |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Kinetic Energy (In Motion) |
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Definition
Ek = ½ mv2 (1/2xMassxVelocity2)
Joule |
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Term
| Potential Energy (Stored) |
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Definition
Ep = mgh (mass xheight xgravity)
Joule |
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Term
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Definition
Et = Ek + Ep (Kinetic + Potential)
Joule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| % efficiency = Wout/Win x100% |
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Term
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Definition
TK = ToC + 273 (Celsius + 273)
Kelvin |
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Term
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Definition
Q = m x c x T (Mass x Specific heat x Change in Heat)
Joules, BTUs, Calories |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Impulse (change in momentum) |
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Definition
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Term
| Acceleration due to gravity |
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Definition
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Term
| Specific and Latent Heats |
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Definition
| cwater = 4.2 J/g Co, Lfusion = 335 J/g, Lvaporization = 2260 J/g |
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Term
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Definition
Boiling: 212 degrees
Freezing 32 degrees
Room: 70 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
Boiling: 100 degrees
Freezing: 0 degrees
Room: 20 |
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Term
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Definition
Celsius + 273
0 Absolute Zero |
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Term
| What is required for work to be done? |
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Definition
work happens when a force is applied through distance. Ex: a book falling, picking it back up and putting on lab table. How much work was needed? |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to do work. Energy can go through transformations from Potential to Kinetic. |
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Term
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Definition
Stored energy
ex. a loaded spring |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| : total energy of an isolated system remains constant. Law of Conservation of Energy- energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only change forms. |
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Term
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Definition
The rate of doing work
work/time |
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Term
| Apply the law of conservation of linear and angular momentum |
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Definition
| Angular momentum- object going in a circle has a regular momentum. Law of conservation of angular momentum- in a system, angular momentum remains constant. |
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Term
| Impulse and real world situations |
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Definition
| The change in momentum, If time is short then force is large, and if time increases then the force decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
Get more force out then put in, but have to go over a greater distance.
ex. ramp |
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Term
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Definition
Incline plane wrapped around a pole.
ex. winding staircase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3 parts: 1) effort arm (f in) 2) resistance (load, f out) 3) fulcrum (pivot point) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fulcrum is located between effort and resistance arm. Ex. Crow Bar. Purpose: Increase force, change direction, and get more distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resistance arm is located between effort and fulcrum. Ex. Wheel Barrel. Purpose: increase force (more f out then in) |
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Term
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Definition
| Effort located between fulcrum and resistance. Ex. Purpose: to increase distance (or speed) out compared to what’s in. |
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Term
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Definition
1. ex. Flag Pole- 1st class lever- fulcrum is the wheel.
a. Simple Fixed Pulley: no mechanical advantage. Purpose: change direction.
b. Compound with Moveable Pulley: increase force out but cover more distance (put in) |
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Term
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Definition
| ex. Small Wheel touching Big Wheel- Big wheel and smaller connected at picot point (1st class lever) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ideal World (no friction)- W-out=W-in Real World (with friction) W-out < W-in (<- lost as heat) %efficiency= W-out/ W-in x 100% |
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Term
| Simple machine and the amount of work that you have to do plus the trade-off |
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Definition
| The amount of work put in does not change, but with simple machines the amount of effort decreases. Spreading the work over a greater distance |
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Term
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Definition
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Temperature:
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Heat:
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Definition: a measure of hotness or coldness. Measure of average Kinetic energy of particles in a substance
Units: °C, °F, K
How to measure: Thermometer
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Definition: a form of energy (thermal energy)
Units: Joules, BTU’s, Calories
How to measure: no device for direct measure
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the size of a substance when you heat or cool it? |
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Definition
| When something freezes into a solid it usually expands and then when it is melted to a liquid it usually decreases in size. Water behaves differently than most substances. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| has constant shape and volume, particles are closed and hold in a fixed arrangement. |
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Term
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Definition
| takes shape of its container, but has constant volume. Particles are closed, but free to move around each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| takes shape and volume of container particles are far apart and move independently of each other. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the temperature when you heat a substance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the temperature of a substance when it is changing states? |
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Definition
| The temperature remains the same. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of heat energy necessary to change the state of a substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| heat energy needed for freezing or melting |
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Term
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Definition
| heat energy for vaporization or condensation |
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Term
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Definition
| heat energy moves any direction as long as going from high temp to low temp, hot air rises, not heat. |
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Term
| Ways heat can be transferred? |
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Definition
| Conduction, Convection, Radiation |
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Term
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Definition
when particles are touching
ex. metal |
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Term
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Definition
heat energy is transferred by the movement of a large amount of fluid (gas or liquid) that mixes with fluid of a different temperature
ex. stirring a pot |
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Term
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Definition
| heat energy transfers via electromagnetic radiation- can travel through a vacuum |
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Term
| Conductors and Insulators |
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Definition
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Good Conductors:
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Good Insulators:
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Metals
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Plastic, Wood, Fluffy stuff
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