A German shepherd dog comes into the clinic with exercise intolerance. You perform a clinical exam and can hear a systolic ejection type murmur over the heart base and poor pulse quality. What is the most possible cause of the murmur and exercise intolerance? What might you see on an x ray and ECG . How can you treat this patient? 

Aortic stenosis, murmur intensity correlates to stenotic intensity. Left ventricular enlargement-3-6 on clock and post aortic dilation on x ray. On ecg, tall wide R waves to indicate left ventricular enlargement.

Treat:

Ab prophylaxis incase bacteria, exercise restriction, beta blockers and maybe refer for balloon stenosis procedure.

A young CKCs puppy comes into the clinic that is failing to thrive. It is excersise intolerant and upon examination you hear a machinery type murmur. The puppy has a bounding pulse and differential cyanosis. What do you think this puppy has and how might you diagnose it? How can you treat it ?

PDA

ECG- left atrial enlargement-wide P

Left ventricular enlargement- tall R wave

X ray- triple knuckling pattern, aorta, pulomanry artery, left auricular enlargement, pulmonary oedome,congestion

Treatment: surgical ligation or occluding it, not possible for reverse shunting

Bulldog comes into the clinic with exercise intolerance, ascites and a harsh left base murmur. You notice right atrioventricular enlargement and post stenotic pulmonary artery bulge. What disease does this bulldog have and how can you treat it?

Pulmonic stenosis

Treat:

Medical management

Beta blockers

Surgery to reduce obstruction

Balloon valvuloplasty

A English bull terrier comes into your clinic with left sided congestive heart failure. What is the most common disease for this breed? What might you see on xray and ECG? How can you treat it?

mitral valve dysplasia

Left atrioventricular enlargement, pulmonary congestion, oedema. ECG- tall r wave, wide p wave

Treat: treat as heart failure or surgical repair or prosthetic replacement

when you hear a harshs systolic murmur over the right apex with jugular vein distension and pulsation upon liver squeeze, what are you thinking about?

Tricuspid valve dysplasia

when you hear a panstystolic murmur over the left apex, what are  you thinking about?

: Mitral valve dysplasia

When you hear a pansystolic murmur over right ventral thorax what are you thinking?

Ventral septal defect, most common in cats .

What is the tetralogy of fallot and in what breeds?

Keeshonds

4.     overriding aorta

When you hear a left heart base murmur what are you thinking about ?

aortic stenosis or pulmonary stenosis ( harsh)

When you hear a machinery type murmur what are you thinking about?

When you hear a harsh left apex murmur?

A dog presents with hepatomegaly, abdominal distention, muffled heart sounds, is a boxer, weak and lethargic. What are you first thinking? How can you diagnose it? And how can you treat it?

Pericardial effusion

Diagnose on x ray and successful attempt of periocardiocentesis. On x ray- cardiomegaly, caudal vena cava distended.

fenbendazole and moxidectin

cage rest to prevent emboli

corticoid steroid to suppress inflamm response if severe