Term
| Why do we need to understand pastoral nomads in order to understand world history? |
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Definition
because it represents the developmental stage, provided innovations, and provided an influence on settled agriculture.
It restores a balance to what historians study. |
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Term
| What were some of the primary characteristics of the first settled societies? |
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Definition
they had settled agriculture
domestication (selective breeding o plants/ animals)
there was a social surplus (too many people, not enough resources) |
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Term
When and where did pastoral societies develop and what were they like?
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Definition
there was a focus on livestock
needed large grazing areas (moved for food)
divided into groups based on kinship
patrilineal (decent determined on male side)
smaller population than agricultural societies
had a equal social structure
the women were equal to men and were involved in productive labor |
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Term
| What sorts of connections did nomads have to agricultural neighbors? |
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Definition
trade and raid
deep connections
got food crops, luxury items, and manufactured goods that they could only get from agricultural groups. |
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Term
| How did large nomadic states develop? |
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Definition
The charistmatic leader got more citizens through fictive (fake) kinship and making aliences (and breaking them.)
all the males could fight so they had a strong "army"
they shared a common religion so people from other tribes would join them if they wanted more religious freedom. |
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Term
| Where did large nomadic states develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did large nomadic states develop? |
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Definition
| they wanted things from other places |
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Term
| How did life change on the inner Asian steppe around 1000 BCE? |
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Definition
HORSES!!!!!!!!!!
MOUNTED WARFARE MADE NOMADIC EMPIRES POSSIBLE.
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Term
During what period of Chinese history were the Xiongnu active? Dates?
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Definition
During the Han Dynasty
around the 3rd and 2nd century BCE |
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Term
| Who was Modun and what reforms did he make in the nomadic life of the Xiongnu? |
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Definition
he was a charismatic leader from the xiongnu
he forced tribute from neighbors and china
forced Wen to acknowledge equality
more centralized on Modun and heirarchal political system
he was "devinely sanctioned ruler" |
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Term
| Which later nomadic states modeled themselves on the Xiongnu? |
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Definition
| the later Turks and Mongol empire |
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Term
| Did the development of the Mongol Empire change the relationship between Europe, CHina, and the Islamic world? |
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Definition
| yes, there were extensive connections |
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Term
| How large was the Mongol Empire? |
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Definition
about 700,000 people
it was VERY small |
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Term
| Describe the cultural impact of the Mongols, or its lack, on the larger world. |
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Definition
Mongolia did not effect the world very much
they did not try to spread their empire
hey wanted goods, military service, labor from those they conquered ( in other words; they EXPLOITED them) |
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Term
How did the Mongol Empire relate to the later nomadic empires?
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Definition
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Term
WHat was the Mongol religion?
What was it like? |
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Definition
Shamanism
Shamans were religious specialists that were consulted by the rulers. They predicted the future, communicated with the spirits, and sacrificed to the gods.
Ancestor worship - LIKE CHINA |
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Term
| What were the Mongols like socially and politically before the rise of the Mongol Empire? |
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Definition
| IT was an unstable collections of feuding tribes |
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Term
Who was Temujin?
What was his story? |
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Definition
He was a charistmatic leader of the Mongols.
When he was younger his father died and because the groups were highly patrilineal, he and his family left their group and became social outcasts |
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Term
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Definition
| Temujin was named Chinggis Kahn (which means universal ruler) by the tribal assembly recognized |
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Term
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Definition
| the first attack on China which started the Mongolian world war |
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Term
| HOw did Chinggis Kahn use to hold his fragilestate use to hold his fragile state together? |
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Definition
He constantly EXPANDED
reason:
it gave focus to subjects (to stop fighting)
resources |
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Term
| HOw did Chinggis understand the purpose of his conquests? |
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Definition
| to conquer the world (afterall, he is the "universal ruler") |
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