Term
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Definition
1. Electrical Signal arrives @ synaptic Ending (Ca2+ channels open)
2.Ca2+ influx facilitates binding of vesicles with pre-synaptic membrane (vesicles release stored neurotransmitter. neurotransmitter binds to receptors on post-synaptic membrane)
3.If EXCITATORY: neurotransmitter causes opening of Na+ channels - if threshold is reached, the action potential passes down the membrane.
If INHIBITORY: neurotransmitter causes the opening of Cl- and/or K+ channels which causes hyperpolarization (decreases chances of reaching the action potential. |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical signal that travels down the neuron cell; a rapid change in membrane potential that involves depolarization followed by repolarization |
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Term
| "All or Nothing Response" |
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Definition
| an action potential passes down the axon of a neuron when the threshold for a neurotransmitter is reached at the synaptic ending |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs only in an inhibitory synapse: generation of an action potential is more difficult than usual because the membrane potential becomes more negative and thus even farther from threshold than in its resting state. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Increases speed of electrical signal transmission
2.Protects axon
3.Provided by:
a. Schwann cells in the PNS
b. Oligodendrocytes in CNS |
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Term
| Myelinated vs. Unmeylinated |
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Definition
UNMEYLINATED: Schwann cell/Oligodendrocyte cell is present and protects, but is not concentrically wrapped and does not make electrical impulse efficient
MYELINATED: Concentrically wrapped Schwann/Oligodendrocyte cell. IN PNS, Schwann cell makes a NEUROLEMMA. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the PNS: nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell; myelinates the axon Also called: SHEATH OF SCHWANN |
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Term
| Cell:Axon Ratio- PNS vs. CNS |
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Definition
Schwann Cells in PNS: 1:1
Oligodendrocytes in CNS: 1:2+ |
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Term
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Definition
Principle Nerves:
1. Superior Gluteal Nerve: lateral hip (tensor fascia lata, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius)
2. Inferior Gluteal Nerve: innervates your gluteus maximus |
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Term
| 3 Factors that Directly Infulence Speed of Electrical Impulse Down an Axon |
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Definition
1. Diameter of axon: increased speed = increased diameter
2.Myelination: increases speed
3. Temperature: increase in temp, increase speed |
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Term
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Definition
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem |
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Term
| 3 Main Parts of Brainstem |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-motor integrative center
-functions at a subconscious level
-communicates w/higher centers to help regulate conscious movements
-fine tunes movements; helps control posture and balance
-Structure:
2 hemispheres connected by vermis
white matter = arbor vitae
deep cerebellar nucei involved in
sensory-motor pathways |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Medulla Oblongata (main function) |
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Definition
| body regulation (sneezing, vomiting, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| separates frontal and parietal lobes |
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Term
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Definition
| located in pre-motor area of frontal lobe; normally in the left hemisphere (BUT NOT ALWAYS) |
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Term
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Definition
| interpretive area- located in both temporal and parietal lobe; normally in the left hemisphere (BUT NOT ALWAYS) |
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Term
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Definition
| primary motor cortex (frontal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| primary sensory cortex (parietal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| contains primary visual cortex and visual association area |
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Term
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Definition
lateral/superior region: primary auditory cortex
medial side: primary olfactory cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior region = pineal gland/body; releases melatonin which increases in times of darkness |
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Term
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Definition
Includes:
-olfactory nerves/bulbs
-thalamic nuclei
-hypothalamic nuclei
-singulate gyrus
-amigdala(memory, learning, recognition)
->located in tail of caudate nucleus
-parahippocampal gyrus
-hippocampus
-dentate gyrus
-fornix
-mamillary bodies
-septic nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
-sensory
-posterior funiculus
-carries info from legs and arms
concerning fine touch, vibration, and
stereogenosis (texture&shape
recognition), muscle stretch, muscle
tension, and joint sense. |
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