Term
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Definition
| complex of DNA and histone proteins found in chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| basic proteins found in nucleosomes; DNA-binding proteins |
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Term
| treated chromatin with nonlimiting conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| treated chromatin with limiting conditions |
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Definition
| -yields two lengths: 200 bp and 400 bp |
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Term
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Definition
| form of the interphase chromosomes; more condensed version of the complex |
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Term
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Definition
| more complex form of packaging, can be seen with the light microscope and which have the appearance generally associated with the word crhomosome |
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Term
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Definition
| set of chromosomes possessed by an organism can be represented by a karyogram, in which the banded appearance of each one is depicted |
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Term
| constitutive heterochromatin |
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Definition
| permanent feature of cells and represents DNA that contains no genes and so can always be retained in a compact organization--found in the centromere and telomere |
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Term
| sequence pattern of centromere DNA |
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Definition
| what holds the two copies of each chromosome together--two chromosomes linked together |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the centromere in which the spindle microtubules attach |
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Term
| sequence patter of telomeres |
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Definition
| terminal region of the chromosome; important because they mare the ends of chromosomes and therefore enable the cell to distinguish a real end from an unnatural end caused by chromosome breaking |
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Term
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Definition
| mild proteolysis followed by staining with Giemsa; dark stains are rich in AT therefore areas with low gene expression |
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Term
| isochore model of genome organization |
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Definition
| genome is actually a patchwork of small pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| -low spin to get rid of nuclei followed by high spin to isolate mitochondria in the pellet |
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Term
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Definition
often made of sucrose; greatest concentration layered on the bottom
-sedimentation coefficient is determined by mass and shape
-sample DNA never reaches bottom of the tube now matter how long you spin
-separate ss and ds |
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Term
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Definition
-low genetic density, lots of genome wide repeats microsatellites
-1.5% actually genic
-11 genes per mb meaning 30,000-40,000 genes |
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Term
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Definition
-LINEs: long interspersed nuclear elements
-SINEs: short interspersed nuclear elements
-LTR: long terminal repeats
-DNA transposons |
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Term
| gene-related DNA sequences |
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Definition
| pseudogenes, gene fragments, introns, and UTRs |
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Term
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Definition
-3200 MBP
-many animals such as mice, locusts, wheat, peas and fritillary all have larger genomes |
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Term
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Definition
lack of precise correlation between complexity of an organism and the size of its genome
-space is saved in genomes of less complex |
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Term
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Definition
-18% basic biochemical functions
-25% replication, transcription and translation
-21% for communication |
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Term
| how many genes do we share with other creatures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2000 copies of 5S rRNA and 280 sets of 28S/5.8S/18S rRNAs
-rRNAs: ribosomal RNA, molecules that are components of ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| group of related genes for example globin |
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Term
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Definition
| genes which become nonfunctional |
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Term
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Definition
-arise not by evolutionary decay but by an abnormal adjunct to gene expression
-created when mRNA from a functional gene is copied to cDNA
-no promoter present, so can't be transcribles
-introns missing and poly(a) tract is present |
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Term
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Definition
| individual repeat units are distributed around the genome in a apparent random fashion |
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Term
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Definition
-tandemly repeated DNA
-fragments containing tandemly repeated sequences form "satellite" bands when genomic DNA is fractioned by density gradient centrifugation
-sequences of the fragment are not random |
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Term
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Definition
| form cluster up to 20 kb in length, with repeat units up to 25 bp in length |
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Term
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Definition
-usually less than 150 BP and repeat unit is usually 13 bp or less
-great heterzygosity in terms of the length of the microsatellite array; slipping in the matching up in meiosis
-unequal distribution of the array |
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