Term
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Definition
| -amino acids that share various tRNAs |
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Term
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
-20 of these
-the enzyme which charge a tRNA with an amino acid
-one amino-acyl synthetase per amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
-74-90 bp in length
-adapter between an mRNA codon and the amino acid it codes for
-2d cloverleaf structure-->adenosine is what binds the AA
-3d structure is L-shaped
-adenosine binds to the carboxyl of the AA via the 3' or 2' OH
-humans have 48 tRNAs |
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Term
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Definition
| -formylation is making sure the N terminus become muted and the C terminus is connected to the second AA |
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Term
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Definition
-rather than needing a different tRNA for each codon, the four members of a codon family can be decoded by just two tRNAs
-at the third position |
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Term
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Definition
-appears at the corresponding first position
-can bind everything except G |
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Term
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Definition
-ribosomal subunits: 30S, 50S, 70s
-rRNAs (16s)+(5s+23s) |
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Term
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Definition
40s+60s=80s ribosomal subunits
(18s)+(5s+5.8s+28s) rRNAs |
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Term
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Definition
-3-10 bases before every start codon in PROKARYOTES
-complementary to a sequence in the 16s rRNA |
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Term
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Definition
-attaches to the mRNA via initiation factors 3,2, and 1
-IF-3 helps the binding to the mRNA
-tRNA is brought to the subunit by IF-2 with GTP
-IF-1 binds to stabalize the subunit with the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
-eIF-2, GTP, and initiator tRNA bind to the mRNA
-then binding of the 5' cap
-eIF-4G serves as a bridge between eIF4-A, eIF4-E and eIF 3
-poly (a) tail also helps with initiation via association to 5' end |
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Term
| after initiation complex in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| -after completing the initiation complex, the complex travels 40-200 nucleotides before it finds AUG--"scanning" |
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Term
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Definition
| -consensus sequence around the AUG start codon |
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Term
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Definition
-ribosome like prokaryotes--Internal ribosomal entry sites
-recognized in the same manner as 5'caps
-needed when cap-mediated protein synthesis is shut down |
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Term
| regulating translation initiation |
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Definition
| -eIF-2 is inhibited it also inhibits GTP binding and translation is halted globally |
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Term
| self-translational inhibition |
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Definition
-found in organisms such as e. coli in which there is a feedback mechanism to stop the production of ribosomal protein
-iron is another example |
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Term
| translational elongation: prokaryotes |
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Definition
-Peptidyl site (P), Acceptor site (A)
-Elongation factor, or EF, brings new tRNA to the ribosome where it enters at the A site
-peptide bond formation is catalyzed by peptidyl transferase-->releases AA from initiator tRNA and forms a peptide bond |
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Term
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Definition
-ribosome moves back (or sometimes forwards) one nucleotide while reading the mRNA
-induced by things such as hairpin loops, RBS site upstream, or a codon at the frameshift site that calls for a tRNA with a wobble site that creates a weak codon
-HIV uses this to create long and short proteins from one RNA |
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Term
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Definition
-a protein that is responsible for termination of translation
-prokaryotes have 3, eukaryotes 2
-mimics tRNA |
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