Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Molecular Diagnostics - DNA Fingerprinting
Molecular Exam 3 Lecture 18
70
Biology
Undergraduate 3
02/24/2015

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the % difference between individual humans that is used to distinguish them?
Definition
0.1%
Term
True or False:
Blood Typing is more useful for exclusion of potential suspects
Definition
True
Term
Certain regions in our genome have DNA sequences that repeat over and over again, what are these repeating units known as?
Definition
Variable Number Tandem Repeats
Term
What do you use to digest DNA and "cut out" VNTRs?
Definition
Restriction enzymes
Term
What technique do you use to analyze VNTRs?
Definition
Southern blot technique
Term
Define DNA Fingerprinting
Definition
An individual's unique banding pattern
Term
VNTR sequences are how many nucleotides long?
Definition
8-90
Term
How many times are the VNTR sequences repeated head to tail (in tandem)?
Definition
3 to 100s of times
Term
What are VNTRs with respect to the number of repeats?
Definition
Polymorphic
Term
Are VNTRs inherited?
Definition
Yes; 1 from each parent
Term
If a particular VNTR repeat is single locus where does it occur?
Definition
Occurs once in genome
Term
If a particular VNTR repeat is Multi-locus where does it occur?
Definition
Occurs in multiple places
Term
Where is the locus generally at?
Definition
Non-coding regions
-introns & between genes (extragenic)
Term
True or False:
The function of tandem repeats is unknown
Definition
True
Term
What are the following synonyms for:
Minisatellites
Minisatellite DNA
Definition
VNTR
Term
What are the following synonyms for:
Microsatellites
Microsatellite DNA
Definition
STR
Term
What does STR stand for?
Definition
Short Tandem Repeats
Term
True or False:
VNTRs are difficult to analyze
Require moderate amounts of INTACT DNA
Definition
True
Term
True or False:
With Forensic Cases the VNTRs are sometimes degraded and the amount is often small
Definition
True
Term
What is the time period to analyze VNTRs?
Definition
Several Days
Term
STR sequences are how many nucleotides long?
Definition
1-8
Term
Are STRs inherited?
Definition
Yes; 1 from each parent
Term
Can PCR be used with STR?
Definition
Yes
Term
True or False:
Only a few copies of INTACT DNA are needed in degraded specimen with STR
Definition
True
Term
What is the time range to analyze STRs?
Definition
Can be automated and performed in HOURS
Term
What is CODIS?
Definition
Federally maintained database of DNA obtained from crime scenes and convicted violent offenders
Term
What does CODIS stand for?
Definition
Combined DNA Index System
Term
CODIS uses how many STR Loci on various chromosomes amplified by PCR?
Definition
13
Term
True or False:
CODIS also analyzes amelogenin locus (determines gender)
Definition
True
Term
True or False:
X & Y chromosome have different size PCR products
Definition
True
Term
What does an Amelogenin locus determine?
Definition
Gender
Term
PCR Products are separated by _____ by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Definition
Size
Term
What analyzes size and fluorescence of DNA STRs?
Definition
Computer
Term
3 Applications of STR?
Definition
Forensic cases
Paternity testing
Monitoring BM Engraftment
Term
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Definition
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Term
p =
Definition
Frequency of the appearance of A allele
Term
q =
Definition
Frequency of the appearance of a allele
Term
AA and aa are
Definition
Homozygous
Term
Aa is
Definition
Heterozygous
Term
What is the locus frequency calculation for a heterozygous pair?
Definition
2pq
Term
What is the locus frequency calculation for a homozygous pair?
Definition
p^2 or q^2
Term
True or False:
Improper collection of crime scene specimen may invalidate test results
Definition
True
Term
True or False:
1 hair can implicate someone for a crime
Definition
True
Term
What does sneezing and coughing do?
Definition
Expel cells everywhere
Term
Mitochondrial DNA is ONLY what type of inheritance?
Definition
Maternal
Term
True or False:
mtDNA is non-nuclear and single-stranded DNA
Definition
False
Term
True or False:
mtDNA is non-nuclear and double-stranded DNA
Definition
True
Term
What are mtDNA genes involved in?
Definition
Kreb's cycle for energy production
Term
True or False:
mtDNA is MORE stable than chromosomal DNA
Definition
True
Term
What is the copy number of mtDNA?
Definition
100's of copies per cell
Term
True or False:
mtDNA Hypervariable region which varies between individuals
Definition
True
Term
What 2 things is mtDNA useful for?
Definition
Identifying individuals in disasters
"Cold Cases"
Term
Y Chromosome analysis can only occur in what population?
Definition
Males; Inherited from father
Term
What are the 3 factors to be considered when comparing tests?
Definition
Speed
Cost effectiveness
Power of Discrimination
Term
What does SNPs stand for?
Definition
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Term
What does AFLP stand for?
Definition
Amplified fragment length polymorphisms
Term
True or False:
SSNPs don't affect gene product or gene regulation
Definition
True
Term
What does SSNP stand for?
Definition
Silent single nucleotide polymorphisms
Term
How many markers are associated with SNPs?
Definition
MANY
10 million??
Term
What is AFLP?
Definition
PCR variation of RFLP
Term
In AFLP what is DNA treated with?
Definition
Restriction enzymes; Specific sequences amplified
Term
Which is more costly SNPs or STR analysis?
Definition
SNPs
Term
Which type of technique involves single base pair polymorphisms?
Definition
SNPs
Term
What has a HIGH Power of Discrimination and a SLOW speed of Analysis?
Definition
RFLP analysis
Term
What has a HIGH Power of Discrimination and a FAST speed of Analysis?
Definition
STR analysis
Term
What has a LOW Power of Discrimination and a SLOW speed of Analysis?
Definition
mtDNA
Term
What has a LOW Power of Discrimination and a FAST speed of Analysis?
Definition
Blood Group Typing
Term
STRs used in forensics are highly polymorphic. How many different alleles are there detected for each locus?
Definition
9+
Term
The polyacrylamide gel used to separate amplified DNA fragments can distinguish alleles that differ in how many nucleotides?
Definition
4-5
Term
Jeffreys DNA fingerprinting method is known as what?
Definition
Multi-locus fingerprinting (VNTR)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!