Term
| DNA Gyrase (Topoisomerase) & DNA Helicase |
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Definition
| unwinds DNA to make available each strand separately |
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Term
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Definition
| stabilize the separated strands and prevent the DNA molecule from becoming wound again |
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Term
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Definition
| creates an RNA primer which binds to the 3' end of the DNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
- binds at the RNA Primer
- moves 3' to 5' synthesizing the new DNA strand 5' to 3'
- proofreads and edits if required |
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Term
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Definition
- DNA Polymerase III must use its exonuclease function
- EXO means that it occurs externally or at the end of the strand rather than within the strand
- NUCLEASE means degrades or undoes the bond between the two nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
- DNA Polymerase III must use its exonuclease function
- EXO means that it occurs externally or at the end of the strand rather than within the strand
- NUCLEASE means degrades or undoes the bond between the two nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
Replaces RNA Primers with DNA
Puts the lagging chain together by filling in the gaps |
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Term
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Definition
| creates phosphodiester bonds |
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Term
| DNA Synthesis (Chain Elongation) |
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Definition
- Nucleotides come into the new DNA strand as Nucleotide triphosphate
- The first phosphate group of the nucleotide triphosphate binds with the 3’hydroxyl group displacing the remaining two phosphates creating a phosphodiester bond |
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Term
| Phosphodiester bond in DNA |
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Definition
- phosphodiester bond: phosphor group is a diester linkage because there is a combination of an ester and an alcohol
- the acid is phosphoric acid
- two alcohol groups on either sugar ring |
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Term
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Definition
| - means there are two thymines occuring right next to each other on the same strand and the DNA molecule is arranged in such a way that a bond can be formed within these two ringed systems |
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Term
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Definition
- thymine dimer creates a bulge and this confuses DNA Polymerase III during replication
- this may result in a mutation
- this is why we want to remove it |
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Term
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Definition
| comes in various subunits of various sizes which have different masses with different numbers of nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| comes in variable lengths because every protein has a different amount of information is required to synthesize a protein or enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| segment of DNA where the RNA Polymerase binds |
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Term
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Definition
| binding site of nuclear regulatory protein |
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