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| change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of external DNA by a cell |
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| viruses that infect only bacteria |
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| shortened name for a bacteriophage, or virus that infects only bacteria |
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| two strands twisted into a helix shape: structure of DNA |
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| when DNA replicates each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand and one new strand |
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| places on the DNA molecule where replication begins; only one site in bacteria, many in eukaryotes |
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| Y shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating |
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| enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork; add nucleotides one at a time |
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| DNA made from the 5 to 3 prime direction; continuous strand |
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| DNA synthesized away from the replication bubble; short segments that must later be joined together |
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| enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments (lagging strands) together into one continuous strand of DNA |
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| lagging strand pieces of DNA that must be linked together |
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| short section of RNA that allows DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of the new DNA |
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| enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to make the primer |
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| enzyme that untwists the double helixat the replication fork |
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| single strand binding protein |
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| proteins that keep the unpaired DNA strands apart as they are copied |
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| fixes mistakes that are made when DNA is copied. (error rate of 1 in 10,000 bases) |
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Definition
| enzyme the cuts out the damaged DNA |
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| DNA repair that involves a nuclease to cut out the damaged DNA, DNA polymerase to add new nucleotides, and ligase the connect lagging strands |
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| nucleotide sequences at the end of chromosomes that are cleaved off after every division; signals cell mortality |
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| enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres; present most often in cancerous cells |
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| transformation agent was DNA |
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| DNA, not protein, is the hereditary material |
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| ratio of nucleotides A=T, C=G |
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| semiconservative method of DNA replication |
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