Term
breakage of the backbone of the long chain macromolecule
viscosity of the solution is also changed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
when side structures attach to neighboring macromolecules or to another segment of the same molecule
this will increase the viscosity of a solution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
disruption of single chemical bonds
considered to be the cellular radiation damage that results in late radiation effects from low doses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if a macromolecule has a point lesion, it will ____, decreasing the viscosity |
|
Definition
| break down into smaller molecules |
|
|
Term
| synthesis of __ and __ are critical to the survival of the cell and its reproduction |
|
Definition
| proteins and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| proteins are ___ radiosensitive than nucleic acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most radiosensitive molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
this DNA damage may not be reversible
is a molecular lesion of the DNA |
|
Definition
| change in/ loss of a base |
|
|
Term
| a chagne in or loss of a base is a molecular lesion called ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell death
malignant disease
genetic damage |
|
|
Term
| malignant disease and genetic damage are ____ relationships |
|
Definition
| types of linear, nonthreshold dose-response |
|
|
Term
| when irradiated water dissociates into other molecule products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ represents the principal radiation interaction in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| final dissociation will form: |
|
Definition
an ion pair: H+ and OH-
and two free radicals: H* and OH* |
|
|
Term
| the ions may recombine with other free radicals to produce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a photon that ionizes a critical molecule within the cell, thereby damaging the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| considered to be direct effets if they occur with DNA molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a secondary or scatter photon (also possibly from the primary beam) damages a critical molecule within the cell
most radiation interactions and most radiation damage is caused by this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an indirect effect from ionizing radiation occurs on a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a hit to a target cell can occur from: |
|
Definition
| a direct OR indirect effect |
|
|
Term
| photon-> water-> dissociation-> DNA molecule (target) |
|
Definition
| a hit to target cell by indirect effect |
|
|
Term
| explains why some cells die when exposed to radiation and others survive |
|
Definition
| target theory of radiation |
|
|
Term
| some molecules occur in very limited number within a cell and are called: |
|
Definition
| critical or target molecules |
|
|
Term
| if a target molecule is damaged, and there are no others to take its place, the cell may die |
|
Definition
| the target theory of radiation |
|
|
Term
| striking a target molecule is a ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the way to determine the lethal effects of radiation by observing cell survival |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two models of cell survival |
|
Definition
single target, single hit
multitarget, single hit |
|
|
Term
| biologic targets such as enzymes, viruses and simple bacteria |
|
Definition
| single target, single hit |
|
|
Term
| a single target, single hit indicates a ____ that must be inactivated for the cell to die |
|
Definition
| single sensitive site (target) |
|
|
Term
applies to much more complicated biologic systems such as human cells
indicates more than one sensitive site, therefore a higher survival rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA has 46 targets (23 pairs of chromosomes) |
|
|
Term
| cells are most radiosensitive during ___ |
|
Definition
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