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Module #11: Invertebrates of the Kingdom Animalia
Words you need to know.
31
Biology
9th Grade
05/31/2012

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Term
Invertebrates
Definition
Animals that lack a backbone
Term
Vertebrates
Definition
Animals that possess a backbone
Term
Spherical symmetry
Definition
An organism can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center
Term
Radial symmetry
Definition
An organism can be cut into two identical halves by any up and down cut through its center
Term
Bilateral symmetry
Definition
An organism can be cut into two identical halves by a single vertical cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves
Term
Epidermis
Definition
An outer layer of cells designs to provide protection
Term
Mesenchyme
Definition
The jelly-like substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge
Term
Collar cells
Definition
Flagellated cells that pump water into a sponge
Term
Amebocytes
Definition
Cells in a sponge that perform digestion and transport functions
Term
Gemmule
Definition
A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
Term
Polyp
Definition
A sessile, tubular cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other
Term
Medusa
Definition
A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles
Term
Epithelium
Definition
Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
Term
Mesoglea
Definition
The jelly-like substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian
Term
Nematocysts
Definition
Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators
Term
Testes
Definition
The organ that produces sperm
Term
Ovaries
Definition
The organ that produces eggs
Term
Anterior end
Definition
The end of an animal that contains its head
Term
Posterior end
Definition
The end of an animal that contains the tail
Term
Circulatory system
Definition
A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body
Term
Nervous system
Definition
A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste
Term
Ganglia
Definition
Masses of nerve cell bodies
Term
Hermaphroditic
Definition
Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organisms
Term
Regeneration
Definition
The ability to re-grow a missing part of the body
Term
Mantle
Definition
A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration
Term
Shell
Definition
A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle. It is usually used for protection, but sometimes for body support
Term
Visceral hump
Definition
A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs
Term
Foot
Definition
A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal
Term
Radula
Definition
An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths
Term
Univalve
Definition
An organism with a single shell
Term
Bivalve
Definition
An organism with two shells
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