Term
| Zyban Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| affects the dopamine and norepinephrine receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Initiate 150mg daily, increase to 10 mg BID |
|
|
Term
| Zyban Duration of treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seizure disorders, anorexia/bulimia, use of MAOI's within 14 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ganglionic cholinergic receptor agonist |
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|
Term
| Strategies to help a patient quit smoking (the 5 A's) |
|
Definition
| Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange |
|
|
Term
| Nictoine Gum Dosing/Duration |
|
Definition
| Patient who smoke <25 cigarettes per day begin with 2mg therapy, >25 cigarettes per day begin with 4 mg therapy NTE 24 pieces per day for 12 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Nicotine Gum |
|
Definition
| Jaw ache, dyspepsia, hiccups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
21mg/day x 6 weeks
14mg/day x 2 weeks
7mg/day x 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 15mg/16 hours/day for 6 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
21 mg/day x 4 weeks
14mg/day x 2 weeks
7mg/day x 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Nicotrol is not indicated for what patients |
|
Definition
| those who smoke <10 cigarettes per day |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Nicotine Patches |
|
Definition
| Skin reactions, vivid or disturbing dreams, athralgia, myalgia, dry mouth, somnolence |
|
|
Term
| Why is Nicotrol a prescription item? |
|
Definition
| because it is contraindicated in patients with severe reactive airway disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 dose (2 sprays)/hour NTE 5 doses per 6 hours, OR 40 doses in 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| Nicotrol NS Duration of therapy |
|
Definition
| duration of treatment should be 3 months, then pt is weaned over a period of 6-12 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6-16 cartridges (continuous puffing over 20 minute period) |
|
|
Term
| Nicotrol Inhaler Duration of Therapy |
|
Definition
| 3 months, then wean over a period of 6-12 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Adverse Effects of Nicotrol Inhaler |
|
Definition
| HA, mouth/throat irritation, dyspepsia, cough, rhinitis |
|
|
Term
| Each cartridge in the Nictrol inhaler contains how many mg's of Nicotine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (12 weeks) one lozenge q 1-2 hours x 6 weeks, one lozenge q 2-4 hours x 3 weeks, one lozenge q 4-8 hours x 3 weeks NTE 5 lozenges in 6 hours or 20 lozenges per day |
|
|
Term
| What group of patients using the Nicotine Lozenges should use the 4mg lozenge |
|
Definition
| Those who smoke their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking |
|
|
Term
| Patients should avoid food or drink _____ minutes prior to, during, or after use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Varenicline (Chantix) Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| partial neuronal alpha4B2 nicotinic receptor agonist-prevents nicotine stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine system associated with nicotine addiction results in decreased craving and withdrawal symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Well absorbed and is not affected by food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primarily urine, 92% excreted as unchanged drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.5mg on days 1-3, 0.5 mg bid on days 4-7 |
|
|
Term
| Chantix Maintenance Dosing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F if patient is successful using Chnatix to quit smoking they should stop after the 12 weeks |
|
Definition
| FALSE, if patient is successful they may continue for another 12 weeks to maintain success |
|
|
Term
| T/F If a patient using Chantix is not successful in smoking cessation they should stop using the medication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug(s) may be used when Zyban is contraindicated |
|
Definition
| Clonidine or Notriptyline |
|
|
Term
| Why were women were excluded from Phase I and Phase II trials prior to 1993? |
|
Definition
| Because there was a fear of exposing an unborn fetus to an investigational drug |
|
|
Term
| The Guidelines for study and evaluation of gender differences in the clinical evaluation of drugs requires two things |
|
Definition
| 1) Sex specific analysis of efficacy and safety date on NDAs 2) Encourages additional women specific evaluations |
|
|
Term
| What year did FDA regulation allow for the delay of NDA's that did non include non pregnant women in its clinical trials |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first written package insert was for what class of drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would an acidic drug behave differently in a woman than in a man? |
|
Definition
| Women have lower gastric secretions which results in a higher gasric pH |
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|
Term
| Women have an (increased/decreased) activity of CYP3A4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women have an (increased/decreased) activity of CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women are _____ times more likely to develop an STD than men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women are ____ times more likely to develop HIV than men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Women have a greater response to analgesics that act through opiate pathways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children 1-3 y/o elemental calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children 4-8 y/o elememental calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children/Adolescents 9-18y/o elemental calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults 19-50 y/o elemental calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults >50 y/o elemental calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children 1-3 y/o Vitamin D intake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children 4-8 y/o Vitamin D intake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Children and adolescents 9-18 y/o |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults 19-50 y/o Vitamin D intake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adults >50y/o Vitamin D intake |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women should get a mammogran every _______ |
|
Definition
| 1-2 years starting at age 40 |
|
|
Term
| Women should start getting pap smears__________ |
|
Definition
| annually after age 21 or when they become sexually active |
|
|
Term
| Bone Mineral density tests >65 y/o |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone Mineral Density Test <65 y/o with > or equal to 1 risk factor for osteoporosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organ systems lose ____% of function every year after age 30 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only cancers where screening tests have been shown to make a difference |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| walking ______ miles per day can cute the risk of CV death ________ % in those over 60 y/o |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (men) Walking will decrease the risk of diabetes by ____% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (men) walking will decrease the risk of Falls by ____% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The combination of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia-typically found in the obese patient |
|
|
Term
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| Enlargement of the Prostate Gland |
|
|
Term
| BPH begins around ages _____ to _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only _____ to _____ of men with BPH have symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What population of makes show the highest incidence and mortality from prostate cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common cancer in young men between ages 15-35 y/o |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erectile Disfunction is most frequently caused by ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50-80% of men with ED are current or former __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number 2 killer of men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2nd most common chronic condition in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common chronic condition in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______% of hip fractures in men due with one year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| only ____ (fraction)of patients with hop fractures regain prefracture level of function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yearly flu shot confers _____% protection against death from this virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many men with ______ cancer often have no symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do men refuse medical help |
|
Definition
| they dont apprecate the value of preventative care |
|
|
Term
| Two mechanisms of active immunity |
|
Definition
| 1) have natural disease 2) Get immunization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Live Attenuated, and Inactive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from the disease causing form, replicate in the host, immune response similar to natural infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot cause disease from infection, cannot replicate, cannon become pathogenic |
|
|
Term
| T/F Inactivated vaccines always require multiple doses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Live or Inactive, Viral: Measles, Mumps, rubella, polio, vaccinia, inhaled influenza |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Live or Inactive, Bacterial BCG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Live or inactive: recombinant oral typhoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Live or Inactive: Viral-influenza, polio, rabies, hep A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Live or inactive: Bacterial- Typhoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long chains of sugar molecules, T cell independent |
|
|
Term
| T/F Chidlren respond well to Polysaccharide Vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| likely to result in life threatening problem if vaccine given |
|
|
Term
| Valid Contraindications to Vaccines |
|
Definition
Pregnancy
Immunosuppression
HIV infection
Severe Illness
Recent blood products |
|
|
Term
| Invalid contraindications |
|
Definition
mild illness
antibiotic therapy
pregnancy or breastfeeding in household
premature birth
non-specified allergies |
|
|
Term
| Live Vaccines and Antibody: if the antibody was given first, how long should you wait before giving the vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Live vaccines and antibody: If the live vaccine was given first, how long should you wait before giving the antibody? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vaccines: increasing the interval = |
|
Definition
| no reduction in the effectiveness of the vaccine |
|
|
Term
| Vaccines: Decreasing the interval= |
|
Definition
| may interfere with the antibody response |
|
|
Term
| T/F You should restart a series due to extended intervals between immunizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If not given at the same time, separate live vaccines by what length of time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F In live attenuated vaccines the first dose provides protection and subsequent doses ensure seroconversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Inactivated vaccines provide protective effects at the first dose |
|
Definition
| False, inactivated vaccines may not produce protective effects until the 2nd or 3rd dose, Immunity may fade over time. |
|
|
Term
| An example of an inactivated vaccine who's immnunity fades over time is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is diptheria transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diphtheria vaccine is usually given in combination with what other vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is diptheria still a threat in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Booster doses for diptheria are recommended how often? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is tetanus contagious? Why or Why Not? |
|
Definition
| NO, it resides in dirt and intestines of animals and humans, it is only transmitted through contaminated wounds |
|
|
Term
| Tetanus is a (live or inactive) vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which population is at highest risk for developing tetanus |
|
Definition
| Elderly-because they are not usually up to date on immunizations |
|
|
Term
| Who should receive the influenza vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the intranasal form of the influenza vaccine is (inactive or live) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moderate to severe illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild illness, human only (Reyes Syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with what allergy should avoid the flue shot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Influenza vaccine should be administered in what months |
|
Definition
| September through Novemeber |
|
|
Term
| the intranasal Influenza vaccine is indicated for what patient population |
|
Definition
| health individuals age 2-49 |
|
|
Term
| Who should not receive the intranasal flu vaccine |
|
Definition
| Pregnant Women, those with HIV infection, Immunosuppressed |
|
|
Term
| How often should adults be vaccinated for pneumococcal disease? |
|
Definition
| One time, unless the first dose occured before age 65- then revaccinate once only |
|
|
Term
| How is Hepatitis B transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If someone misses a dose of their hepatitis B series should they start the series over? |
|
Definition
| NO, the longer the better |
|
|
Term
| How is Hepatities A transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two doses 6 months apart (although 95% serconverted after single dose) |
|
|
Term
| Who is considered at high risk for hepatitis A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combination of Hep A and Hep B vaccines all in one (three doses-only for adults) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Polio still a threat in the US |
|
Definition
| yes, we just have widespread vaccination |
|
|
Term
| When would adult vaccination for pertussis be needed? |
|
Definition
| There is a new recommendation that adults now get the Dtap combo when they get tetanus boosters every 10 years |
|
|
Term
| Why are adults not vaccinated for H.flu |
|
Definition
| Only children get this disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between H.flu and Influenza |
|
Definition
| H. flu s bacterial and influenza is viral |
|
|
Term
| Measles vaccination is usually given as |
|
Definition
| MMR, measles, mumps and rubella |
|
|
Term
| What types of side effects might be een after vaccination with varicella vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Varicella should be administered to children at ____ to _____ months of age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rotavirus transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a subcutaneous injection should be inserted at ______ degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IM injection should be limited in volume to ____ ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IM injection needle should be inserted at ____ degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bicarbonate (actually CO2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
males 13-18g/dL
females 12-16g/dL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
males-40-50%
females- 35-45% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 150-400 (Less than 20-at risk for spontaneous bleeding) |
|
|
