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The theory applied to most earth quakes in which movement on two sides of a fault leads to bending of the rocks until they slip to release the bending strain during an earthquake. |
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The compressional seismic wave that shakes back and forth along the direction of wave travel. |
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The seismic shear wave that shakes back and forth perpendicular to the direction of wave travel. s waves do not pass though liquids. |
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the seismic wave that travels along and near Earth's surface. These waves include Rayleigh waves (which move in a vertical, elliptical motion) and Love waves (which move with horizontal perpendicular to the direction of the wave travel). |
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The initial rupture point on a fault. |
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The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. |
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The study of seismic waves |
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The study of former earthquakes from examination of offset rock layers below the ground surface. |
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The relative size of an earthquake, recorded as the amplitude of shaking on a seismograph. The range of amplitudes is so large that the number (less than 10)is recorded as a logarithm of the amplitude. Different magnitudes are based on amplitudes of different seismic waves. |
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The severity of an earthquake in terms of the damage that it inflicts on structures and people. It is normally written as a Roman numeral on a scale of I to XII. |
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Faults (generally, steeply inclined) that have the upper block of rock moving up compared with the lower block. |
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A fault (generally, steeply inclined) that has the upper block of rock moving down compared with the lower block. |
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A fault (generally vertical) which has relative lateral movement of the two sides |
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Fault (generally, gently inclined) that has the upper block of rock moving up compared with the lower block |
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Richter vs. Movement Magnitude |
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The scale of earthquake magnitude invented by Charles Richter. |
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The forces on a body. These can be compressional, extensional, or shear. |
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Change in size or shape of a body in response to an imposed stress. |
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