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Module 2: Anitimicrobial therapy
Antimicrobial Therapy
21
Pharmacology
Post-Graduate
02/14/2016

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Term
Bacteriostatic
Definition
reversibility inhibits the growth of bacteria.
Term
Bactericidal
Definition
kills the susceptible bacteria.
Term
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Definition
lowest concentration of antibiotic that results in inhibition of visible growth (i.e. colonies on a plate or turbidity in broth) under standard conditions.
Term
For an antibiotic to be effective...
Definition
it must reach either MIC or MBC at the site of the infection.
Term
Antibiotic is bactericidal
Definition
if MIC and MBC are close in value.
Term
Antibiotic is bacteriostatic
Definition
if the MBC is much higher than the MIC
Term
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
Definition
the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that kills 99.9% of the original inoculum in a given time.
Term
Susceptible
Definition
bacterial strain inhibited by in vitro by a concentration of an antimicrobial agent that is associated with a high likelihood of therapeutic success.
Term
Resistant
Definition
bacterial stain inhibited in vitro by a concentration of an antimicrobial agent that is associated with a high likelihood of therapeutic failure.
Term
Intermediate
Definition
Bacterial stain inhibited in vitro by a concentration of an antimicrobial agent that is associated with uncertain therapeutic effect.
Term
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2013)
Definition
harmonized terminology database.
http://login.clsi.org/HTDatabase.cfm
Term
Tetracyclines
Definition
Pregnancy Cat. D. Not recommended for children under 9 years or for breast feeding mothers.
Term
Fluoroquinolones
Definition
not recommended for children under 18 years (except for inhalation antrax)or breast feeding mothers.
Term
Sulfonamides
Definition
are no recommended for third trimester of pregnancy.
Term
Nitrofurantoin
Definition
not recommended at term of pregnancy.
Term
Monthly prescribing reference
Definition
www.empr.com
Term
Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
Definition
Beta-lactams
Penicillin (+/- Beta lactamase inhibitors)
Cephalosporins (3 generations)
Monobactams
Carbapenems
Glycopeptides (Vancomycin, Telovavancin)
Fosfomycin (Manurol)
Term
Inhibit Protein Synthesis
Definition
Aminoglycosides (Gentamycin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Amikacin)
Macrolides & Ketolides (Erythromycin, Azithromicin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)
Lincosamides (Clindomycin Lincomycin)
Stretogramins (Synercid)
Tetracyclines (Tertracycline, Moncycline, Doxycycline)
Glycylcyclines (Tigercycline)
Phenicals (Chloromphenicol)
Oxazolidinones (Linezolid)
Ansamycins (Rifampin)
Term
Inhibit Membrane Functions
Definition
Leptopeptides (Daptomycin)
Polymyxin
Term
Anti-metabolites
Definition
Sulfonamides (Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethaprim, Sulfisoxazole)
Term
Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Definition
Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin)
Furanes (Nitrofurantoin)
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