Term
| The four vital functions defined as functions necessary for survival. |
|
Definition
1- Breathing
2- Sleeping
3- Eating
4- Elimination |
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Term
| Vital functions maintain ___________ of the organism. |
|
Definition
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Term
Vital functions are cyclical in nature. The circadian rhythm is 3 things...
1- ________ directed
2- Occurs every __ hours.
3- Affect all aspects of human
physiology. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Control of vital functions mediated by 2 things |
|
Definition
1- ANS
2- Endocrine System |
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Term
| Endocrine system is composed of ______ that produce and secrete ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The endocrine system regulates __________ function. |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocrine changes occur.... |
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Definition
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Term
Pre-Natal Endocrine system
- The thyroid forms at __ days gestational age. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Pre-Natal Endocrine System
- Pituitary forms at __ weeks gestational age. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Pre- Natal Endocrine System
- Fetal growth is primarily nutrition dependent. The nutrition comes from 2 sources these are... |
|
Definition
1- Mother's nutritional intake
2- Integrity of the placenta |
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|
Term
Infancy through adolescence Endocrine System has three primary sets of hormones.
1- ______ hormone
2- _______ and ___________ hormones
3- _________ |
|
Definition
1- Growth
2- Thyroid and Parathyroid
3- Androgens |
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Term
| Growth Hormones have 3 functions. |
|
Definition
1- Primary factor in post-natal growth
2- Controls the rate of growth
3- Sustains normal rate of protein synthesis in cartilage and bone. |
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|
Term
| Thyroid and parathyroid hormones are important for ____, teeth, and brain growth. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Androgens have two main functions. |
|
Definition
1- Development of secondary sex charact.
2- Contributes to adolescent growth spurts |
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Term
| In the adulthood endocrine system prolonged stress is linked to a decreased ______ system function and increased susceptibility to disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 2 hormones related to physiologic response to stress are |
|
Definition
1- cortisol
2- epinephrine |
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|
Term
The endocrine system changes in older adulthood include 3 things.
1- _________ gland failure.
2- _______ sensitivity in target organs.
3- Failure of expected ________ response |
|
Definition
1- Endocrine
2- Decreased
3- adaptive |
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Term
| Endocrine gland failure is related to |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Decreased sensitivity in target organs is related to |
|
Definition
| progressive resistance to anti-diuretic |
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|
Term
| Failure of expected response is related to |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Breathing is the process of |
|
Definition
| ventilation and respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of taking in oxygen and expelling CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of gas exchange at the cellular level within the alveoli |
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|
Term
| Ventilation and respiration involve what 4 systems... |
|
Definition
1- Pulmonary
2- Cardiovascular
3- Nervous
4- Musculoskeletal |
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|
Term
| Breathing control mechanisms have two interacting systems |
|
Definition
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Term
| Breathing control mechanisms impact ____ and _____ of inspiratory muscle contraction. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Expiration has two qualities.. |
|
Definition
1- Queit expiration is passive.
2- Forced expiration involves abdominals. |
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Term
| The neural system of breathing control involves two primary brain structures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Respiratory center in the reticular formation
- Sensitive to morphine, barbiturates |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Pnuemotaxic center located in the upper 1/3 of the pns.
-Pneumotaxic center maintains the normal pattern of respiration. |
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|
Term
| Breathing control has central chemoreceptors and _________ chemoreceptors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- primary control here
- sensitive to CO2 levels
- location is ventral lateral surfaces of the upper medulla. |
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|
Term
| Peripheral chemoreceptors located in carotid and aortic bodies have 2 qualities |
|
Definition
- sensitive to arterial oxygen levels
- increased in rate and depth of inspiration in response to a drop in blood oxygen levels. |
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|
Term
| Action of peripheral chemoreceptors accounts for __% of increased ventilation due to chemical changes. |
|
Definition
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Term
| The muscles of inspiration include 9 |
|
Definition
1- Diaphragm (phrenic nerve)
2- Intercostalis (intercostal nerves)
3- SCM (accessory nerve, 2)
4- Scalenes (spinal cervical nerves)
5- Serratus Anterior (C5, C6, C7)
6- Pectoralis Major (C5-T1)
7- Pectoralis Minor (C6-C8)
8- Trapezius (accessory n, C3, C4)
9- Erector Spinae (spinal nerves) |
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Term
| The respiratory movements in utero |
|
Definition
- condition respiratory muscles
- stimulate lung development |
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|
Term
| The newborn breathing pattern |
|
Definition
- nose breather
- irregular breathing pattern
- NB RR 40 (30-60) |
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|
Term
| The new born resting rate is due to |
|
Definition
- initial low compliance in lungs
- diaphragm has fewer type 1 muscle fibers compared to adult |
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|
Term
| The breathing pattern can be defined as... |
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Definition
| Changes in respiratory rate from infancy through childhood/adolescence result from structural changes in the lungs, rib cage and lymphatic tissue. |
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Term
| __% of alveoli develop postnatally. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Horizontal angulation of ribs persists until age... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lymphatic tissue increases until age |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Breathing pattern
Age RR
Newborn __- __
_ year old 24- 40
Pre- School __- __
_____ age 18- 30
Adolescence __- __
_________ 12- 20 |
|
Definition
- 30- 60
- 1 year old
- 22- 34
- School age
- 12- 16
- Adulthood |
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|
Term
| Diaphragm is primary muscle of __________ until 5-7 years of age |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Adult breathing patterns are an equal combination of diaphragm and _____ movements. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The 4 point scale measures the four possible components of breathing. |
|
Definition
- Diaphragm (2)
- Chest (2)
- Neck accessory muscles
- abdominal muscles |
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Term
| Breathing coordinates with eating to prevent __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breathing coordinates with _________ to provide rest and supply energy demands of activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alteration in breathing ability impacts function in the ___________ infant, child, or adult |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Chronic lung disease of infancy is often accompanied by |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Chronic lung disease in adults impacts ability to work and live |
|
Definition
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Term
| Disease processes in adults are more likely the cause of altered breathing since the _________ system responds to exercise training. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Circadian rhythm develops by __ weeks GA |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Adult circadian rhythm involves
__ - __ hours of sleep and
__ - __ hours awake. |
|
Definition
6- 10 hours sleep
14- 18 hours awake |
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Term
| Non- Rapid Eye Movement is the _______ stage of sleep. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Rapid Eye Movement involves |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In the brain stem the raphae nuclei secretes __________ and locus ceruleus secrets ___________. |
|
Definition
- serotonin
- norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| The four sleep control mechanisms include |
|
Definition
1- Brain stem
2- Hypothalmus
3- Melatonin from pineal gland
4- reticular activating system must be inhibited by sleep centers for sleep to occur |
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|
Term
| The newborn has __ hour sleep cycles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The newborn sleep cycle has 3 qualities |
|
Definition
1- based on nutritional
2- 50% REM sleep
3- 16 hours of sleep per day |
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|
Term
| At __ to __ months the infant starts to develop stable circadian rhythm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sleep for infant is due to 3 things |
|
Definition
- increased awake times
- melatonin production increase at 3 mo.
- 40% REM at 3 months |
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|
Term
| The sleep for a 6 month old is due to |
|
Definition
- night wakefulness
- beginning ability to self regulate and return |
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|
Term
| At 7 months the infant begins to sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recommended 2 naps per day until age 2 |
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|
Term
| The sleep required for child and adolscent |
|
Definition
1- naps continue until age 3
2- child needs 10-12 hours of sleep per night
3- 12- 14 hours of sleep in 24 hour cycle |
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|
Term
| Sleep needs may ______ near puberty, then _______ near adolescence. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| adolescents require __ hours of sleep per night and usually get less. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Sleep in adulthood averages __ hours per night. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __ hours of sleep per night at 25. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| < __ hours of sleep per night at age 75. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In sleep for adulthood NREM is __%, REM is __%, and sleep _____ increases with age. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Older adult changes in sleep has 4 things |
|
Definition
1- Diminsihed quality of sleep
2- Decreases REM/NREM
(inc time to nod off
inc frequency of waking )
3- increased exercise = improved sleep
4- behavioral changes = improved sleep
(no daytime napping, match sleep
needs to time in bed) |
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|
Term
| The functional significance of sleep includes |
|
Definition
- Allows NS to recover and promotes learning and memory
- Lack of sleep leads to altered arousal and changes in processing ability
- Children :school and behavior
- Adults: work productivity,
irritability, motivation |
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|
Term
| Sleep is critical for _____ and ________ at all ages. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of ingestion and digestion |
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|
Term
| Control mechanism for ingestion has an ____ phase and ________ phase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-chewing and swallowing bolus of food
- brain stem control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- upper and lower sphincters
- glossopharyngeal and vagus nn. |
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|
Term
| Control mechanisms for digestion include 3 |
|
Definition
1- hormonal, central and local NS
2- Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus control muscle wall contractility and secretion of digestive enzymes.
3- Parasymp. and symp. innervation provide neural support for GI reflexes
4- endocrine cells in epithelial walls of stomach and small intestines secrete hormones that contribute to digestion |
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|
Term
| ______, ________, and swallow by 28 weeks GA |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| By __ to __ months voluntary control emerges from newborn reflexive rooting, suck and swallow |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Coordination of suck, swallow, and __________ critical for weight gain. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The suck swallow breath pattern is a critical _______ coordination pattern for effective feeding in infants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anatomic structures have dual roles in respiration and _______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| _______ differences in newborn oral structures underlie some feeding problems of infancy. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Newborn mouth and pharynx
-The oral space is ____
- lower jaw is small and _________
- ______ takes up more space
- epiglottis approximates to ____ _____
- larynx is ______ in the neck
- _________ eustachian tube |
|
Definition
- small
- retracted
- tongue
- soft palate
- higher
- horizontal |
|
|
Term
| In infancy the presence of food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secretion of digestive hormone fosters 4 things. |
|
Definition
1- growth of gastric mucosa
2- gastric motility
3- pancreatic endocrine function
4- liver metabolism |
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|
Term
| Oral motor behavior shifts from sucking to chewing at __ to __ months. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Introduction of ____ food based on nutritional need around 6 months. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Infants _______ birth weight by 1st birthday. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In childhood 3 things must occur |
|
Definition
1- adequate nutrition through solid food
2- progressive eating control over a variety of textures
3- strong food prefernces can interfere with appropriate nutrition. |
|
|
Term
Dental development begins during _________
and continues through adolescence. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20 baby teeth by __ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 32 permanent teeth between __ - __ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ loss in adulthood and elder years due to deterioration of peridontal structures. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Older adults physiological changes in eating and digestion include deacreased (4 things) |
|
Definition
1- sense of taste
2- protein synthesis
3- carbohydrate tolerance
4- insulin receptor sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Older adults physiological changes in eating and digestion include stable ___ digestion and ______ changes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eating and digestion are necessary for ________ of internal chemical balance, growth, and repair of tissues. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Developmental feeding disorders can be _____ and involve multiple _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eating habits impact health 2 examples include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Defication includes 4 things |
|
Definition
1- spinal level autonomic reflexes
2- S2-S4
3- involuntary control of internal sphincter
4- voluntary control of external sphincter |
|
|
Term
| Micturation is the complex process of filtration, absorption, and _________ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Micturation dependent on circulatory, endocrine and __ interaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Micturation: ______ function to maintain water and electrolyte balance and regulate plasma concentration. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Arterial ___ _________ regulated by kidneys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidneys regulate ... in elimination |
|
Definition
-volume of renal output
-amount of salt and water in the system
-renin-angiotensin |
|
|
Term
Fetal development
kidneys develop by __ weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fetal kidneys play a role in ______amniotic fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ controls waste in fetal development. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rate of fluid intake and output in infacy is __x that of an adult. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infant cannot adjust to large changes in ____ volumes which causes an increasked risk for dehydration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidney function increases at __ months via hypertrophy of nephrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Awareness of bladder fullness around age __. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In childhood external sphincter of bladder control occurs at __ to __ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cultural expectations and experience impact ___ of toilet training. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| full control of bowel and bladder is typical by __ to __ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renal function _______ with age. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renal function in adulthood includes 6 changes. |
|
Definition
1- loss of nephrons
2- decreased renal mass
3- thickening of membranes
4- decreased renal blood flow
5- decreased gloerular filtration rate
6- decreased levels of renin |
|
|
Term
| Renal function in adulthood impacts medication ________ and excretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinary incontinence issues are caused by 3 factors |
|
Definition
1- weakened pelvic floor
2- women affected by childbearing and hormonal changes
3- men effected by prostate disease and treatment |
|
|
Term
| An older adult maintains bowel control in ______ of disease/dimentia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elimination is funtinally significant because it involves the removal of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renal function critically related to ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Significant psycho-social issues surrounding elimination include |
|
Definition
- Bowel and bladder control in development is a milestone for children
- untreated incontinence in adults leads to social depression or withdrawl. |
|
|
Term
| look over age relate vital function concerns chart which is last slide in notes of module 2 |
|
Definition
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|
