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Module 15: Motivation
Vocabulary on the theories of motivation, explaining motivation, primary and secondary motivations, etc.
34
Psychology
12th Grade
12/15/2010

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Term
Motivation
Definition
refers to the various physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act in a specific way at a particular time.
Term
Instincts
Definition
innate tendencies or biological forces that determine behavior.
Term
Fixed Action Pattern
Definition
an innate biological force that predisposes an organism to behave in a fixed way in the presence of a specific environmental condition.
Term
Need
Definition
biological state in which an organism lacks something necessary for survival.
Term
Drive
Definition
produced by need; state that motivates the organism to satisfy the need.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the body's return to a balanced state.
Term
Drive-Reduction Theory
Definition
says that a need results in a drive, which motivates the organism to satisfy the need and go back to homeostasis.
Term
Incentives
Definition
environmental factors (external rewards) that motivate people.
Term
Extrinsic Motivation
Definition
involves engaging in certain activities or behaviors that either reduce biological needs or help us obtain incentives.
Term
Intrinsic Motivation
Definition
engaging in activites for personal fulfillment.
Term
Biological Needs
Definition
physiological requirements that are critical to survival.
Term
Social Needs
Definition
needs acquired through learning and experience.
Term
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
1) bioligical needs, 2) safety, 3) love and belonging 4) esteem 5) self-actualization
Term
Optimal/Ideal Weight
Definition
results from an almost perfect balance between how much food an organism eats and actually needs.
Term
Overweight
Definition
eating more than the body needs.
Term
Underweight
Definition
eating less than the body needs.
Term
Obesity
Definition
30% or more above ideal body weight.
Term
Biological Hunger Factors
Definition
come from physiological changes in blood chemistry and signals from digestive organs that provide feedback to the brain, which triggers us to eat or not.
Term
Psychological Hunger Factors
Definition
come from learned associations between food and other stimuli, sociocultural influences, and personality traits.
Term
Genetic Hunger Factors
Definition
come from inherited instructions found in our genes; they determine the number of fat cells or metabolic rates of burning off fuel.
Term
Peripheral Cues
Definition
come from changes in blood chemistry or signals from digestive organs.
Term
Central Cues
Definition
come from the activity of chemicals and neurotransmitters in different areas of the brain.
Term
Fat Cells
Definition
shrink if we are giving up fat and losing weight, and expand if we are gaining weight.
Term
Metabolic Rate
Definition
how efficiently our bodies use up body fuels from food.
Term
Set Point
Definition
refers to a certain level of body fat that our bodies strive to maintain constant throughout our lives.
Term
Weight-Regulating Genes
Definition
play a role in influencing appetite, metabolism, and secretion of hormones that regulate fate stores.
Term
Genetic Sex Factors
Definition
include inherited instructions for the development of sexual organs, secretion of sex hormones, and wiring of the neural curcuits that control sexual reflexes.
Term
Biological Sex Factors
Definition
include the action of sex hormones involved in secondary sexual characterists (facial hair, breats), sexual motivation (moreso in animals), and development of sperm and egg.
Term
Psychological Sex Factors
Definition
play a role in developing a sexual or gender identity, gender role, and sexual orientation; can also result in performance difficulties or enjoyment.
Term
Sex Hormones
Definition
Testosterone (m) and estrogen (f).
Term
Paraphilias
Definition
sexual deviations; preferred sexual fantasies.
Term
HIV
Definition
refers to the presence of HIV antibodies.
Term
AIDS
Definition
present when someone has HIV and less T-cells.
Term
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Definition
a personality test in which subjects are asked to look at pictures of people in ambiguous situations and to make up stores about what the characters are thinking and feeling and what the outcome will be.
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