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Definition
The center of an atom, containing the protons and neutrons
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| The number of protons in an atom |
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| The sum of the numbers of neutons and protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Definition
| Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
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Definition
| A collection of atoms that all the same number of protons |
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Definition
| An atom with a nucleus that is not stable |
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| What part is the smallest part of an atom |
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Definition
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| What part is the largest part of an atom |
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Definition
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| What part of an atom is positively charged |
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Definition
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| What part of an atom is negatively charged |
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Definition
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| What part of the atom has a neutral charge |
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Definition
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| What causes the the nuclear force and why is it only active over very short distances ( such as the distance between neutrons and protons) |
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Definition
The nuclear force is caused by an exchange of pions.
It is a short range force because pions are exist for a short time |
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List the number of protons , netrons, and electrons in the following atoms:
A. 70Ti
B. 145Ru
C. 88Zn |
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Definition
A. Ti has 22 protons, 22 electrons, and 49 neutrons
B. Ru has 44 protons, 44 electons, and 101 neutrons
C. Zn has 30 protons, 30 electrons and 58 neutrons
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Term
Study the Bohr model of atoms
Study the number of electrons that can go in each orbit from 1-5 orbits |
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Definition
Obit one: up to 2 electrons
Orbit two: up to 8 electrons
Orbit three: up to 18 electrons
Orbit four: up to 32 electrons
Orbit 5: up to 50 electrons |
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Term
Recognize if an atom is an isotope or not
For example which of these are isotopes:
18C
38Mg
24C
33Na
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Definition
| 18C and 24C are isotopes of carbon. Both have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
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Term
Know how to determine a half life of an radioactive element.
For example, a scientist has 60 grams of a radioactive isotope. The half life is 30 minutes. How much will the scientist have left of the isotope after 120 minutes |
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Definition
After the first 30 minutes, the scientist will have 30 grams left
After 60 minutes, the scientist will have 15 grams left
After 90 minutes, the scientits will have 7.5 grams left |
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| Understand Beta decay and how to determine the daughter product after the isotope goes through beta decay |
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Definition
In beta decay, an isotope will
lose one neutron
gain a proton
gain an electron |
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What is the daughter products of these atoms if beta decay occured
91Zr
69Se |
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Definition
91Zr has 40 protons, 40 electrons, and 51 neutrons
after beta decay, it now has 41 protons, 41 electrons and 50 neutrons which is now 91Nb
66Se has 21 protons, 21 electrons and 48 neutrons, after beta decay, it now has 22 protons, 22 electrons and 47 neutrons which is 69Ti |
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Term
In alpha decay, the isotope loses
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Definition
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What are the daughter products of these radioactive isotopes that go through alpha decay
139Nb
272Os
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Definition
139Nb has 41 protons and has 98 neutrons after alpha decay it loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons and it is now 135Y
272Os has 76 protons and 196 neutrons, after alpha decay it loses 2 protons and2 neutrons and it is now 268W |
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| If a radioactive isotope goes through gamma decay, what does it lose |
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Definition
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| What is the daughter product of 180La. |
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Definition
| 180La stays the same, only energy is lost |
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Term
If a person wants to be protected from alpha particles , what must the person have between them and the alpha particles to protect them?
What about beta particles?
What about gamma particles?
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Definition
For alpha particles, the person would only need a piece of paper between them and the alpha particles to be protected.
For beta particles, the person would need a thin piece of metal between them and the beta particles
For gamma particles, the person would need several inches of lead to stop the gamma particles |
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