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Module 13 definitions
Terms and definitions for Apologia Biology Module 13
26
Biology
10th Grade
03/05/2012

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Term
Vertebrate
Definition
Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone
Term
Notochord
Definition
A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support
Term
Endoskeleton
Definition
A skeleton on the inside of a cerate's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage
Term
Bone marrow
Definition
A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells
Term
Axial skeleton
Definition
The portion of the skeleton that supports the head, neck and trunk
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
Term
Closed circulatory system
Definition
A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels
Term
Arteries
Definition
Blood vessel that carry blood away from the heart
Term
Capillaries
Definition
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body
Term
Veins
Definition
Blood vessel that carry blood back to the heart
Term
Olfactory lobes
Definition
The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
The lobe of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's response to that information
Term
Medulla oblongata
Definition
The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord
Term
Internal fertilization
Definition
The process by which the male places sperm inside the female's body, where the eggs are fertilized
Term
External fertilization
Definition
The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female
Term
Oviparous development
Definition
Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body
Term
Ovoviviparous development
Definition
Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body
Term
Viviparous development
Definition
Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta
Term
Anadromous
Definition
A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce
Term
Bile
Definition
A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat
Term
Atrium
Definition
A heart chamber that receives blood
Term
Ventricle
Definition
A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out
Term
Ectothermic
Definition
Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat
Term
Hibernation
Definition
A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures
Term
Optic lobes
Definition
The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the recepters in the eyes
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement
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