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Definition
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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| the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment |
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Definition
Greek philosopher who believed that:
• the mind is separate from the body
• the mind continues after the body dies
• knowledge is innate
• principles should be derived from logic |
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Definition
Socrates' student.
He also believed that:
• the mind is separate from the body
• it continues after the body dies
• knowledge is innate
• principles should be derived from logic |
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Definition
Plato's student.
He believed that:
• the mind is not separate from the body
• that knowledge is not preexisting
• knowledge grows from the experiences stored in our memories
• principles should be derived from careful observations (experimentation) |
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| René Descartes (1595-1650) |
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Definition
French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher.
He agreed with Socrates and Plato that:
• the mind is separate from the body
• knowledge is innate
He conjectured that:
• the mind communicates with the body through "animal spirits" |
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| Francis Bacon (1561-1626) |
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Definition
A British scientist, considered one of the founders of modern science, who focused on:
• experiment
• experience
• commonsense judgment |
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Definition
A British political philosopher who argued that:
• the mind at birth is a blank slate (tableua rasa) on which experience writes
His writings, in addition to Francis Bacon's ideas, helped form modern empiricism. |
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| an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind |
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| a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish |
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| historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in the hopes of fostering personal growth |
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| the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
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| the principle that, among the range of inherited variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
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| the different complementary views, from biological, to psychological, to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
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| an integrated perspective that incorporates, biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
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| pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
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| scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
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| a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |
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| a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
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| a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy |
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