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| refers to the process in which a sense organ changes, or transforms, physical energy into electrical signals that become neural impulses, which may be sent to the brain for processing. |
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| refers to the decreasing response of the sense organs, the more they are exposed to a continuous level of stimulation. |
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| relatively meaningless bits of information that result when the brain processes electrical signals that come from the sense organs. |
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| meaningful sensory experiences that result after the brain combines hundreds of sensations. |
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| one particular segment of electromagnetic energy that we can see because these waves are the right length to stimulate receptors in the eye (picture: http://www.lcse.umn.edu/specs/labs/images/spectrum.gif ) |
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| Path of Light Waves (for seeing objects) |
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| First, eyes gather and focus light waves into a precise area at the back of your eyes. Second, this area absorbs and transforms light waves into impulses, a process known as transduction. |
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| Cornea, Pupil, Lense, Iris, Retina, Fovea, Optic Nerve (Diagram: http://www.med.upenn.edu/cpob/images/eye_anat.jpg ) |
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| the rounded, transparent covering over the front of your eye. As the light waves pass through the cornea, its curved surface bends, or focuses, the waves into a narrower beam. |
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| a round opening at the front of your eye that allows light waves to pass into the eye's interior. |
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| a circular muscle that surrounds the pupil and controls the amount of light entering the eye. In dim light, the iris relaxes, allowing more light to enter- the pupil dialates; in bright light, the iris constricts, allowing less light to enter- the pupil constricts. The iris muscle contains the pigment that gives your eye its characteristic color. |
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| a transparent, oval structure whose curved surface bends and focuses light waves into an even narrower beam. The lens is attached to muscles that adjust the curve of the lens, which, in turn, adjusts the focusing. |
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| located at the very back of the eyeball; a thin film containing cells that are extremely sensitive to light. These light-sensitive cells, called photoreceptors, begin the process of transduction by absorbing light waves. |
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| (myopia) results when the eyeball is too long so that objects are focused at a point in front of the retina. In this case, near objects are clear, but distant ojects are blurry. |
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| If your eyeball is shaped so that objects are perfectly focused on the back of your retina, then both near and far objects are clear and sharp (20/20 vision). |
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| (presbyopia) occurs when the eyeball is too short so that objects are focused at a point slightly behind the retina. In this case, distant objects are clear, but near objects appear blurry. |
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| eye surgery; corrects nearsightedness; the surface of the eye is folded back and a laser is used to reshape the exposed cornea so that light waves are correctly bent and focused on the retina. |
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