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Modern World History
First semester final
51
History
10th Grade
02/01/2011

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Cards

Term
Government
Definition
A system for controlling the society
Term
Aristocracy
Definition
A government ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families.
Term
Monarchy
Definition
A government in which one person called a king or a monarch ruled.
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
A government ruled by a few powerful people
Term
Democracy
Definition
A government by the people
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
A form of government in which citizens rule and make laws directly
Term
Republic
Definition
 A government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote 
Term
Senate
Definition
an assembly or council usually possessing high deliberative and legislative functions
Term
Judaism
Definition
The religion of the Hebrews
Term
Ten Commandments
Definition
 the ethical commandments of God
Term
Christianity
Definition
Name of religion founded by jesus
Term
Islam
Definition
the religious faith of Muslims
Term
Reformation
Definition
 European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity
Term
Common Law
Definition
 is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
Great Charter
Term
Due process of law
Definition
To have the law work in known, orderly ways
Term
Parliament
Definition
a meeting or assembly for conference on public or nationalaffairs.
Term
Divine Right
Definition
A king which claimed that his power came from god
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
Overthrow of King James II of England
Term
Constitutional Monarchy
Definition
Powers of the ruler are restricted by the constitution and the laws of the country
Term
Bill of rights
Definition
Formal summary of the rights and liberties believed essential to the people
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
An intellectual Movement
Term
Social Contract
Definition
Agreement among members of society
Term
Natural Rights
Definition
Right to life, liberty, and property
Term
Separation of powers
Definition
Division of government into 3 separate branches
Term
Representative Government
Definition
Citizens elect representatives to make laws and policies for them
Term
Federal System
Definition
a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant
Term
United Nations
Definition
An international organization whose achievement is world peace.
Term
Geocentric Theory
Definition
Earth-Centered View of the universe
Term
Scientific Revolution
Definition
A new way of thinking about the natural world
Term
Heliocentric
Definition
A sun-centered universe
Term
Galileo Galilei
Definition
An Italian scientist who built on the new theories about astronomy
Term
Scientific Method
Definition

A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.

Observation

Hypothesis

Experiment

Conclusion

Term
Isaac Newton
Definition
Published book, "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"
Term
Social Contract
Definition
People create the government
Term
John Locke
Definition

More positive View of Human Nature

Wanted Natural Rights

Term
Philosophes
Definition
French word for philosophers
Term
Voltaire
Definition
Published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophy, and drama
Term
Montesquieu
Definition
Devoted himself to the study of political liberty
Term
Rousseau
Definition
Passionately committed to individual freedom
Term
Mary Wollstonecraft
Definition
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 
Term
Salons
Definition
Regular social gatherings
Term
Baroque
Definition
European art which was characterized by a grand, ornate design  
Term
Neoclassical
Definition
Artistic style of the late 1700's 
Term
Enlightened Despots
Definition
Monarchs that embraced the new ideas and made reforms
Term
Catherine the Great
Definition
The ruler most admired by the philosophes
Term
Declaration of Independence
Definition
Second Continental Congress issued this
Term
Thomas Jefferson
Definition
Political Leader
Term
Checks and Balances
Definition
Each branch checking the actions of the other
Term
Federal System
Definition
Power was divided between national and state governments
Term
Bill of rights
Definition
Amendments that protected basic rights
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