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Napoleon wanted to spread the revolution
changed from revolt of nobles against king to movement establishing constitutional monarchy |
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| what did the Napoleonic Wars actually do? |
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created Napoleonic Code- Rationalized French Law
& reformed French legal system |
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| what was the fundamental document of the French Revolution? |
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the 1789 Declaration of Rights of Man & Citizen
idea of natural rights and rights of man are supposed to be universal |
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| term during French Rev that said a person shouldn't be punished for transgressions if it represents general will; public good |
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| the event that started the French Revolution in Paris in 1789 |
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| first major book printed with movable type by German around 1450 |
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| wanted to reinforce Catholicism in Netherlands but riots broke out in 1566 leading to Dutch Revolt against Spain |
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| who led the Dutch revolt against Spain? |
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| Result of Dutch Revolt against Spain |
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| Netherlands split into provices based on parts that were loyal to Spain; northern kept rebelling till 1648 |
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| William of Orange & King James daughter overthrew him in 1688 to preserve protestantism and parlimentary liberty |
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| Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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| 1572- someone with high power started to kill the Hugenot leaders in Paris and it spread throughout France, opened new phase of violence |
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| written by Martin Luther in 1517; published these against selling indulgences misleading people to buy their way to heaven |
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| 1st company to issue stock; chartered company established in 1602 when Netherlands granted monopoly to allow trade in Asia |
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idea that bible contains all knowledge necessary for salvation
Protestants support it |
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143-1727
invented telescope, use of calculus and Prinipia Mathematica |
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| 1687-Isaac Newton- laid out law of gravitation in mathematical terms |
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1772- act of dividing Poland into certain territories ruled by some other countries
ended Poland Lithuanian commonwealth |
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1618-1648
Spain wanted German states and France wanted to exert power
Motivation= religion, protestants vs catholics |
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| most dramatic invention of industrial revolution. Thomas Newcomen created it for pumping water |
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| book by Adam Smith that transformed economy in 1723- argued that mercantilism worked badly in an economy and warned against monopolies |
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| emergence of market economy, emergence of centralized powerful states in commercial competition, advances of ship building and advances in cartography all helped make great discoveries in |
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| what class came into being in order to help grow European economy since 12th century?? |
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| urban middle who were committed to profit, commerce and contracts |
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| monarchs began to consolidate power by weakening nobles & allying with |
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| emerging commercial classes |
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| monarchs wanted all people under their unified rule to |
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| what blocked overland routes? |
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| the ______ began systematically exploring the Atlantic coast of Africa from 1418, under the sponsorship of Prince Henry “the Navigator. |
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| the _____ was developed by Prince Henry's sponsorship in 1450. allowed ships to travel on oceans |
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| 1488 there was an important breakthrough by Bartolomeu Dias |
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| he reached indian ocean by route around Africa |
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| treaty of Tordesillas signed by |
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| portuguese and spanish; splitting world into two regions where each ahd exclusive rights to claim newly discovered lands |
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| European _______ was a factor in global spread of western power |
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| 1522 Portuguese Magellan did what? |
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| led first spanish expedition achieving first circumnavigation of the world |
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| trade in slaves was a key feature in ____ and developed out of the |
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| in Atlantic trade and developed out of the sugar plantation system by Portuguese |
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| Spanish conquests in americas led to discoveries of |
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| Euro trade shifted from ____ to ____ |
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| mediterannean to Atlantic |
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| economic crisis in Europe brought on by importation of huge quantities of |
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| indigenous people were missionizing in early pursuit of |
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| began spanish missionizing in 1549 |
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| new food habits in Europe were |
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| tea, spices, sugar and coffee |
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| intellectuals of medieval period were the |
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| philosopher with interests solely in theology |
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| during Italian Renaissance men rediscovered |
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in italian renaissance there was a humanist goal of education:
to mold citizens who would be useful to |
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| their families and to the state. |
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| in italian renaissance there was a central humanist concern: the understanding of |
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| political life drawing from classical philosophy |
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| ____ remained the framework of society and culture in italy during renaissance |
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| powerful rulers and wealthy merchants valued _____ art during renaissance |
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| by 13th century _____ was most powerful force in Euro life |
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| western church/latin church/ catholic church |
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| heresies arose but were eliminated during 13th century |
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| ____ & ____ were allowed to exist in christian lands but had heavy restriction |
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the selling of Church offices to the highest bidder (the sin of “simony”), the papacy’s interference in secular politics; the use of excommunication to collect debts; the unchecked immorality of priests (who kept concubines or drank excessively without rebuke), etc.
all of these called for |
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| reformation of church in 16th century |
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| since church needed reform in 16th century, the power of _____ and ____ was rising |
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| Christendom began breaking down in 16th century when ______ emerged |
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| ______ languages were becoming popular in 16th century |
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| Renaissance ______, with its cultivation of an inquiring, critical spirit, gave confidence to reform-minded critics of the Church. |
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| Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536 |
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| wrote about abuses of church, scholar & reformer |
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german monk who wrote 95 theses against clergy selling indulgences
then had to flee for heresy |
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| pope ordered book ban of luther's books. luther burned this papal decree, he was ex-communicated |
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| holy roman empire began in |
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| Elector Frederick of Saxony |
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| attached to Luther during his ex-communication, organized his "kidnapping" |
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priestly celibacy, worship of saints and entire structure of church hierarchy
saw bible as sola scriptura |
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| protestantism through his books |
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| one of most profound effects of industrial revolution. 1750-1850 promoted growth of cities |
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| follow teaching of John Calvin, major branch of protestantism, different from Lutherans |
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| an economic doctrine based on the theory that a nation benefits by accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods.It was the cause of many European Wars |
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| female author who wrote about rights of women in society & enlightenment. |
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| the steam engine & enclosure of lands of englang was important for the |
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| availability of American cotton, spinning jenny & availability of colonial markets all aided the _____ industry |
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| declaration of the rights of man and the citizen guaranteed |
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| the _____ needed a dense population to succeed |
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| Isaac newton came up with |
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| gravity! telescope, calculus and mathemtic principle |
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| what food is from the old world? |
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| bananas, coffee, peach, pear, citrus fruit |
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| what foods are from the new world? |
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| hispaniola, the island where Haiti and Dominican republic now are |
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| Isrealites used _____ which became the dominant book form in the ancient world |
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| greatest advance in history of the book before printing |
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| who was the first to use movable type? |
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| first official Index of Prohibited Books was issued by Pope _____ in 15__ |
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| reformation is the time of spreading |
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| Lutheran church took hold only in ___ & ____ |
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| Scandinavia and northern Germany |
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| radical expression of Protestant revolt that said only willing adults should be baptized |
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| when did england become protestant? |
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| when Henry VIII went behind Pope's back and annulled his marriage |
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| part of Protestantism- only faith |
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