This system was used since the reigns of the Qing emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng, & Qianlong. It maintained military control and preserve the Manchu’s privileges.

Peace treaty between the United States and Japan allowing the Americans to anchor in Japan. The Japanese would helped shipwrecked sailors, supply the men with coal and set up consul at Shimoda.

Nativist who opposed western influence in Japan. His nationalistwritings had considerable impact on the samurai who supported the Sonnō jōi movement and who fought in the Boshin Warto overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Meiji Restoration.

Was a failed 104-day national cultural, political and educational reform movement from 11 June to 21 September 1898 in late Qing Dynasty China. It was undertaken by the young Guangxu Emperor and his reform-minded supporters. The movement proved to be short-lived, ending in a coup d'état by powerful conservative opponents led by Empress Dowager Cixi.

Influenced retired  shogunal policeman Oshio Heihachiro who was raised in Confucian traditions. In times of crisis, a man had to use his intuition not institutional norms, to guide his behavior. As a result, Oshio forms a rural army that nearly burns the city of Osaka due to the magistrate not listening to the citizen’s plea.

A type of degree offered by ancient Chinese Imperial Examination. Under the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the system contributed to the narrowness of intellectual life and the autocratic power of the emperor. 

Were originally an ethnic group from Manchuria. By establishing an ethnogensis they became Manchurian and established the Qing Dynasty from 1644 to 1911.

Is a type of Japanese theater that was popular amongst the lower class. Originated in the 17^th Century in Feudal Japan and mostly had male actors.

was a policy in Bakumatsu Japan aiming at obtaining a political coordination between the Bakufu and the Imperial Court.

Japanese emperor supported a division of Japanese political structure. He wanted to unite Japan under one leader and end Shogunate rule which eventually lead to the Meiji Restoration.   

Was a Chinese rebel leader who overthrew the Ming Dynasty and ruled over China briefly as emperor of the short-lived Shun Dynasty.

Scholar and official during the Qing Dynasty. Stoop up against the traitors of the Opium War.

Was a commodore of the American navy. He helped open Japan to the west and forced the Shoguns to sign the Friendship Treaty for peace.  

It distinguished by a search for a unifying an explanation for the universe, the physical world, and human nature. These philosophies would later influence the political structures of China, Japan, and Korea. 

At age 24 he was made leader of the Manchus and helped unite them. He expanded territories in the process not only uniting the Manhus but also created a social-political military organization that united the Manchus, Mongols, and Chinese.

The Opium Wars were fought between China and Great Britain for trade. The emperor opposed the selling and buying of opium due to the drug’s bad effect on the subjects. 

It included journalism, prefectural assembly men and women. Movement that was powerful in voice, it was the layer of the public sphere. They had interest and influence from Western philosophies. 

Prefectures- Are governmental bodies larger than cities, towns, and villages. They functioned like counties and improved the political structure of modern Japan.

During his reign the Qing Empire greatly expanded to Turkestan and Tibet. He was a very cultured and intelligent emperor and was a patron to Chinese calligraphy, reading, and painting. However he is infamous for executing people unjustly and book burning due to fear of anti-Manchu Sentiment amongst the Chinese.

refers to the fact that men had to keep the queue in the Qing court.  Otherwise, their identity as a citizen of China would be questioned.

Rebellion in late Edo Japan. It was caused by crop failures and unfair taxation. 

They educated females to change the nature of society. Focus on educating at all levels regardless of class. They wanted merge Confucianism with western ideas and technology.

Isolationist policy during Edo Japan and the Japanese were also forbidden to leave their country.  It was effective until 1853 with the arrival of the Black Ships of Commodore Matthew Perry and the opening of Japan to Western trade.  

The Japanese samurai had more of a sense of honor and discipline. Bannermen were not that bright and were almost more like thugs than actual respected authority figures.

Shogun-Daimyo relation, Shogun controlled their money, family, and village.

In China, it was nationalists and patriots who wanted to improve China. In contrast to Japan, it helped strengthen the country from Daimyo influence.   

A word that means teacher, but literal translation is person born before another.

Japanese reformers who opposed Shogunate rule. 

Large groups of former samurai from various domains. They retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect.

Was one of the (usually) hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor.

Was the eighth Tokugawa Shogun of Japan from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. Lifted the ban on western works as long as they weren’t Christian.  

“Rich country, strong army.” Japanese slogan expressing their nationalist pride in becoming a better country. 

Religious movement lead by Hong Xiuquan. 20 to 30 million people were killed during the rebellion. Originally started as a plan to establish a utopia community. Was put an end in 1852 by Qing general Zeng Guofan.

 In addition to Matthew Perry, he opened force diplomacy to the Japanese. He helped establish an American consul in Japan for trade benefits. 

Was a daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. They ruled small fiefs, many in strategic locations along the principal roads or in the Kantō region near the headquarters of the Shogunate at Edo. They also controlled trade expansion.

Ended the first Opium War. Opened trading ports for the British in coastal regions of China. China had to surrender due to the British’s advanced weaponry.

was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China. He also attempted to revive the Chinese monarchy.