Term
|
Definition
| the complete series of events from one cell division to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interval between the end of one mitotic or meiotic division and the beginning of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cleavage of the cytoplasm into daughter cells following nuclear division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of a group of proteins active in controlling the cell cycle and in initiating DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the initial stage of the first division of meiosis in which the chromosomes become visible, homologous pairs of chromosomes undergo synapsis and crossing over, chiasmata appear, chromosomes condense with homologues visible as tetrads, and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the final stage in the first division of meiosis that may be missing in some organisms and is characterized by the gathering at opposite poles of the cell of half the original number of chromosomes including one from each homologous pair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division, and consist of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of the usually linear bodies of the cell nucleus of eukaryotic organisms, the usually circular bodies of prokaryotic organisms (as bacteria), or especially in some schools of molecular biology the genomes of DNA viruses (as bacteriophages) that take up basophilic stains and contain most or all of the genes of the organism <both the chromosomes of cells and those of viruses can duplicate only in the complex environment of a living cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network of chiefly microtubular fibers along which the chromosomes are distributed during mitosis and meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a complex of a nucleic acid with basic protiens (as histone) in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases which project inward from two chains containing alternate links of deoxyribose and phosphate, and that in eukaryotes are localized chiefly in cell nuclei—called also deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having the basic chromosome number doubled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having the gametic number of chromosomes or half the number characteristic of somatic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disk formed in the phragmoplast of a dividing plant cell that eventually forms the middle lamella of the wall between the daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell and a mitotic division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation and maturation of the egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of male gamete formation including formation of a primary spermatocyte from a spermatogonium, meiotic division of the spermatocyte, and transformation of the four resulting spermatids into spermatozoa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell formed by the union of two gametes; the developing individual produced from such a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of union of two gametes whereby the somatic chromosome number is restored and the development of a new individual is initiated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interchange of genes or segments between homologous chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the progeny of an animal or plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chromosome (as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans) of a sexually reproducing eukaryotic organism that is directly concerned with the inheritance of sex, that contains the genes governing the inheritance of various sex-linked and sex-limited characters, and that is represented differently in the two sexes either by being present in one and not the other or by being present a different number of times in one sex compared to the other—called also heterochromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chromosome other than a sex chromosome |
|
|
