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| partially, but not freely or wholly permeable |
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| movement of a solvent (as water) through a semipermeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane |
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| having a lower osmotic pressure than a surrounding medium or a fluid under comparison |
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| having a higher osmotic pressure than a surrounding medium or a fluid under comparison |
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| the pressure produced by or associated with osmosis and dependent on molar concentration and absolute temperature: as the maximum pressure that develops in a solution separated from a solvent by a membrane permeable only to the solvent |
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| a relatively stable state of equilibrium or a tendency toward such a state between the different but interdependent elements or groups of elements of an organism, population, or group |
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| the movement of a chemical substance by the expenditure of energy against a gradient in concentration or in electrical potential across a plasma membrane |
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| incorporation of substances into a cell by phagocytosis or pinocytosis |
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| the engulfing and usually the destruction of particulate matter by phagocytes |
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| the release of cellular substances (as secretory products) contained in cell vesicles by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane and subsequent release of the contents to the exterior of the cell |
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| one performing a specific useful function in the organism |
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| the process whereby particles of liquids, gases, or solids intermingle as the result of their spontaneous movement caused by thermal agitation and in dissolved substances move from a region of higher to one of lower concentration |
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| the amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object as measured in cubic units as quarts or liters |
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| a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution that is a number on a scale on which a value of 7 represents neutrality and lower numbers indicate increasing acidity and higher numbers increasing alkalinity and on which each unit of change represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity and that is the negative logarithm of the effective hydrogen-ion concentration or hydrogen-ion activity in gram equivalents per liter of the solution; also : the condition represented by a pH number |
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| a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base |
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| a supporting or carrying ingredient |
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| to separate into constituent parts or elements or into simpler compounds |
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| the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole |
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