Child's perspective at age 18-22 will be measure of parent's workaholism.

            Children of Workaholics experience greater depression and external loss of control. Children of workaholic fathers had greater depression, greater anxiety, and greater external locus of control.

Effects :

brittle family relationships, marital conflict, dysfunction in the family, Survey U.S. and Canada: high scores in: less effective problem solving, lower communication, less clearly established family roles, fewer affective responses, less affective involvement, lower general functioning in families in adulthood. American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers: found preoccupation with work to be one of the four top causes for divorce

• relentless workaholics
• bulimic workaholics
• attention deficit workaholics
• savoring workaholics

• high work initiators and completers
• work compulsively day and night, holidays and weekends with no let up, no periods of downtime.
• hurried and relentless in meeting deadlines, often weeks ahead of schedule.

low in work initiation and high in work completion; has vast variability in work patterns: binge and purge. Procrastinating workaholic.

     Attention deficit workaholics.

• adrenaline-seeking workaholics
• easily bored and constantly seeking stimulation
• High work initiators but low work completers.
• Have difficulty staying focused, become bored and jump ahead to the next item on the agenda,
•  leave many projects unfinished.

• slow, deliberate and methodical. 
•  perfectionists, afraid that the finished products isn't going to be good enough.
• savor work as alcoholics savor alcohol.
• Low in work in initiation and low in completion as they nitpick, overanalyze and become bogged down in detail

found preoccupation with work to be one of the four top causes for divorce

• legal in all but three states
•  makes gambling more socially acceptable for both sexes.

Men 

70% of addicted gamblers contemplate suicide and 20 to 40% actually attempt

The Impulsive Type

The Obsessive-Compulsive Type

The Addictive Subtype

•  young men with high risk-taking behavior, lack of ability to plan ahead. increased severity of gambling symptoms with greater intensity of urges and thoughts related to gambling.
• loses large sums of money and has impulse control disorders,
• subtype accounts for 25-35% of pathological gamblers.
• problems in the frontal lobe/reward system underlie this type.
• Medications recommended for this subtype include mood stabilizers as the primary agent with an SSRI or naltrexone as secondary.

•  higher rates of females,
• mid-life onset of gambling problem includes 5-10% of pathological gamblers.
• Gambling problems related to a psychological trauma,
• higher rates of depression in women with pathological gambling.
• psychiatric disorders with this type include affective and anxiety disorders.
• prefer slot machines, Internet gambling, bingo, lotteries and scratch tickets.
• Medications for this subtype would include the initial use of SSRI’s (Paxil) and SNRI’s. (Citalopram). If this is not beneficial, next step is to try a mood stabilizer. Psychotherapy for this subtype could focus on stress reduction and improved coping skills.

• largest subgroup and includes approximately 50-60% of pathological gamblers.
• engages in a moderate severity of problem gambling, gamble small amounts of money at a time repetitively.
• has a much larger number of male patients with higher rates of co-morbid substance dependence.
• responds more effectively to anti-addiction medications such as bupropion or naltrexone.

$400 Median amount spent by problem gamblers each month

$2000 median spent by pathological gamblers per month.