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MOD C Week Two - The Muscle System
Term Study Guide
87
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/29/2014

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Term
bi-
Definition
two
Term
-cele
Definition
hernia
Term
dys-
Definition
bad
Term
fasci/o
Definition
fascia
Term
fibr/o
Definition
fibrous connective tissue
Term
-ia
Definition
abnormal condition
Term
-ic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
kinesi/o
Definition
movement
Term
my/o
Definition
muscle
Term
-plegia
Definition
paralysis
Term
-rrhexis
Definition
rupture
Term
tax/o
Definition
coordination
Term
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Definition
tendon
Term
ton/o
Definition
tone, tension, stretching
Term
tri-
Definition
three
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
extreme slowness in movement
Term
dyskinesia
Definition
distortion of voluntary movement
Term
dystonia
Definition
condition of abnormal muscle tone
Term
hyperkinesia
Definition
abnormally increased motor function or activity
Term
transverse
Definition
crosswise direction
Term
hemiparesis
Definition
slight paralysis of one side of the body
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
total paralysis of one side of the body
Term
myoparesis
Definition
slight paralysis of a muscle
Term
paraplegia
Definition
paralysis of both legs and lower body
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
paralysis of all four extremeties
Term
adhesion
Definition
band of fibrous tissue
Term
atonic
Definition
lacking normal muscle tone
Term
atrophy
Definition
muscle weakness from lack of use
Term
faciitis
Definition
inflammation of a fascia
Term
myolysis
Definition
degeneration of muscle
Term
adduction
Definition
moves toward the midline
Term
extension
Definition
straightens a joint
Term
flexion
Definition
bends a joint
Term
abduction
Definition
moves away from the midline
Term
pronation
Definition
turns the palm downward
Term
The surgical suturing of a divided tendon is known as a ____.
Definition
Tenorraphy
Term
The medical term ____ means diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.
Definition
Hypotonia
Term
The term ____ means slanted or at an angle.
Definition
Oblique
Term
A ____ is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Definition
Physiatrist
Term
The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it is known as a ____.
Definition
Hernia
Term
____ syndrome is a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain.
Definition
Fibromyalgia
Term
The medical term for the condition commonly known as hiccups is ____.
Definition
Singultus
Term
A ____ is an injury to a joint that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament.
Definition
Sprain
Term
____ ____ is a chronic autoimmune disease that produces serious weakness of the voluntary muscles.
Definition
Myasthenia Gravis
Term
____ is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.
Definition
Electromyography
Term
A ____ cyst is a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs on the outer surface of the wrist.
Definition
Ganglion
Term
The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles is known as ____.
Definition
Myoclonus
Term
____ ____ syndrome is a debilitating disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest.
Definition
Chronic fatigue
Term
Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow is known as ____.
Definition
Epicondylitis
Term
Spasmodic ____ is a stiff neck due to contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.
Definition
Torticollis
Term
The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment is known as ____.
Definition
Ergonomics
Term
A ____ is the protrusion of a muscle through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
Definition
Myocele
Term
____ syndrome occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones of the shoulder joint.
Definition
Impingement
Term
The surgical suturing of a muscle is known as ____.
Definition
Myorrhaphy
Term
The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon is known as the ____.
Definition
Insertion
Term
A ____ is a ringlike muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.
Definition
Sphincter
Term
A ____ blocker is a drug that causes temporary muscle paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.
Definition
Electroneuromyography
Term
A ____ is a localized muscle spasm that is usually named for its cause.
Definition
Cramp
Term
The term ____ means lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.
Definition
Ataxia
Term
`The point at which a muscle begins is known as the ____.
Definition
Origin
Term
Which of these muscles is formed from three divisions?
Definition
Triceps branchii
Term
Which type of muscle tissue forms the muscular wall of the heart?
Definition
Myocardial
Term
Which term describes that act of raising the ribs when breathing in?
Definition
Elevation
Term
A ____ is the surgical repair of a fascia.
Definition
Fascioplasty
Term
A ____ is a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
Definition
Tendon
Term
An injury to the body of a muscle or attachment of a tendon is an ____.
Definition
Strain
Term
A ____ is a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles.
Definition
Spasm
Term
____ is inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint.
Definition
Tendinitis
Term
A ____ is a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure.
Definition
Fasciotomy
Term
A ____ is a painful localized muscle spasm named for its cause.
Definition
Cramp
Term
Which term means weakness and wasting away caused by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time?
Definition
Atrophy
Term
Which term describes an inflammation of a voluntary muscle?
Definition
Myositis
Term
Which term describes the protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath?
Definition
Myocele
Term
Which term means the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment?
Definition
Ergonomics
Term
Which term means to move away from the midline?
Definition
Extension
Term
Which condition is the total paralysis of one side of the body?
Definition
Hemiplegia
Term
Which term means abnormally decreased motor function or activity?
Definition
Dyskinesia
Term
Which term means to suture the ends of a tendon to a bone?
Definition
Tenodesis
Term
Which diagnostic test records the strength of muscle contractions?
Definition
Electromyography
Term
Which term means to bend a limb at the joint?
Definition
Flexion
Term
Which condition is also known as wryneck?
Definition
Spasmodic Torticollis
Term
Which condition is a weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle?
Definition
Myoparesis
Term
Which term describes symptoms that occur when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the narrow area in the wrist?
Definition
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Term
Which term describes the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues?
Definition
Contracture
Term
Which procedure is the surgical repair of a fascia?
Definition
Fascioplasty
Term
Which procedure is the surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity?
Definition
Tenotoomy
Term
Which type of muscle is slanted outward, away from the midline?
Definition
Oblique
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