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Definition
| a special type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell |
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| occurs, a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. Mitosis results in an approximately equal distribution of all cellular material between the two daughter cells. |
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| any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons. |
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| the first phase of cell division, the nucleus enlarges, the DNA complex (the chromatid network of threads) coils up tightly, and the chromatids become visible on stained microscopic slides. |
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| the chromatids undergo changes in appearance by uncoiling and becoming long, loosely spiraled threads. |
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| also referred to as saccharides, make up approximately 1% of cell content |
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Definition
| Mitosis should be thought of as the division phase of the cellular life cycle and therefore is actually the last phase of the cycle. After mitosis has commenced, it takes about 1 hour to complete division in all cells. Just prior to mitosis, however, there is a relatively brief time of cell growth. |
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| When proteins are produced within a cell, |
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| The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being |
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Definition
| the multiplication process whereby one cell divides to form two or more cells |
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Definition
| A non-mitotic, or non-division, form of cell death that occurs when cells die without attempting division during the interphase portion of the cell life cycle |
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| A classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation |
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Definition
| When ionizing particles interact directly with vital biologic macromolecules such as: |
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Definition
| the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation. |
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Definition
| when free radicals previously produced by the interaction of radiation with water molecules act on a molecule such as DNA, the damaging action of ionizing radiation is indirect in the sense that the radiation is not the immediate cause of injury to the macromolecule. |
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Definition
| After chromosome breakage, two or more chromosomal fragments are produced. |
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Definition
| This concept of radiation damage to specific sensitive locations resulting from discrete and random events |
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| are compounds that do not contain carbon. |
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| a frail, semipermeable, flexible structure encasing and surrounding the human cell. |
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Definition
| the protoplasm that exists outside the cell’s nucleus and is primarily composed of water, |
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