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| facing with staggering financial difficulties arising from the 7years war, british parliament passed legislation to levy new taxes and bring order to a trading empire. |
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| act levied by british in response to debts due to 7-year war. Unlike sugar and stamp act, tea act was never appealed and famously resulted in the boston tea party. |
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| Adam used lockes social contract theory to justifiy the american revolution based on the colonist grievance with the quartering act of 1765 and "no taxation without representation" (key to support of revolutionary war) |
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| Franklins defense of free trade |
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| to Franklin, british taxes are obstructing business, harassing commerce, meaning 2 much gov't power! |
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| Proposal to tax the french aristocracy |
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| War debts from fighting british in 7years war and the country's participation in the American revolution of 1775-1783 started to accumilate in France. The french gov't imposes taxation on aristocracy. |
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| a national assembly which represented the french estates of the realm summoned by King Louis XVI to propose solutions to his gov't financial problems. |
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| 3 components of the estates: clergy, aristocracy & the common people (who account for most of society) Each state had only ONE vote. |
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| list of grievances drawn up by each of the 3 estates in france. Clergy wanted monarcy. Aristocrats wanted (parliamentary free market, and the commoners wanted egalitarianism (equal taxes and such). |
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| Formation of the National Assembly |
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| an assembly formed by 3rd estate June 17 after their frustration with their lack of representation in the estates general. |
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| best known and most influencial figures in the french revolution. He was commonly known as "Reign of Terror" |
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| Purifying Power of Terror |
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| Maximillien robespierre's new "Political morality" redifines the use of "terror". To him, "terror as an emanation of virtue". Terror is necessary mean of protecting morality against immorality. The gutierre became the wearpon of Enlightenment. |
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| 18th century english politician and philosopher who is famous for his criticism of the French Revolution and concept of just revolution. He wrote his theories of ∆, ENGLISH EXCEPTIONALISM, and danger of revolution. |
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| Concept of "Just revolution" |
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| According to Burke, two conditions for a legitimate overthrow of power: 1. an insane ruler & the prospect of the future must be as bad as the experience of the past. |
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| Burke is Squarely Anglo centric and elevates customs and gov't as superior to that of other country. e.g., France. His viewpoints on Revolutionary France are largely formed in Contrast to the legal custom of late 18th country Britain. |
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| a tenant of Burkes theory is that legal protection (such as rights) are like privelages inherited rather than created by the notion of rights of men. Magna Carta tells the basic liberties but does NOT mention any "rights of man" as an example to his theory of inherited rights. |
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| Critique of Revolutions Leaders |
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| Burke consider'd the leaders as agitators who fan the emotions and passions of the mobs. He disagree'd w/ how french leaders distance themselevs from their followers, extreme actions. |
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| 18th century british writer and advocate of womens rights. Authore of Vindication of the rights of women. Increased awareness of women as slaves and despots while advocating women' srights. Urged egalitarianism for both sexes. |
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| caused by the worldwide series conflicts in the 7-year war which caused England to pass a series of Taxes that were incredibly unpopular in the colonies. This may have been cause of Amer Revolution. |
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| tax levied by British in response to debts incurred by 7years war. Tea act was never repealed like others, such as stamp or sugar act. |
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| adam used locke's social contract theory to justify the american revolution based on the colonist grievances with quartering act of 1765 and "no taxation w/o representation". |
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| a list of demands of what each of 3 estates wanted: clergy = monarcy; nobles = parliamentary free market; 3rd estate wanted egalitarian society, equal taxes and protection of law. |
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| author of vindication of the rights of women. increased awareness of women as slaves and despots. urgned for egalitarianism of both sexes. |
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| rights and priviledgaes inherited rather than created by notion of rights of men. Burke used this thoery to establish basic liberties byt doesnt mention any sort of "the rights of man" as an example of inherited rights. |
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| 18th cent political philosopher who is famous for criticism of French revolution and concept of JuST REVOLUTION (revolution that has met burkes 2 conditions for overthroew of power: (1). a mad senseless ruler (2). situation must be judged by the landed classes as the commoner 3rd estate |
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| more influencial figures in french revolution. Reign of Terror |
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| political morality which refers to him as "terror as emanation of virture" as terros is necessary mean of protectiing morality against immorality. |
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