Term
| It has put more power in the hands of the customer |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true regarding the impact of global competition on the business activities in the marketplace? |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the term used to describe the changes mandated by local product and service standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vital Health Products found out that they had to reduce the length of the tread in their treadmills sold in China owing to the shorter legs of the average Chinese person. By doing this, Vital has achieved product _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| A European chocolate manufacturer received several complaints from customers about the quality of its product when it began selling them in a tropical country. The firm had to re-package its chocolate bars in an extra plastic wrapper to protect it from the heat and dust. Which of the following factors in the local market dictated product adaptation in the current scenario? |
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Term
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Definition
| Booster bar is a popular brand of energy bars in Canada. The company sold these bars singly or in packs of two in the South Asian markets, instead of their regular multiple-item packaging containing 10 or 20 bars to make it more affordable for the consumers. Which of the following requirements of the local market is influencing product adaptation in the above scenario? |
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Term
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Definition
| A wine company had to market its products with a different name in a foreign market as it was mandatory to translate the name in the local language. The factor that is influencing product adaptation in the above scenario is _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| HT motors is introducing a new technology in its cars to improve the mileage of the cars as well as to reduce carbon emissions. The company is also taking measures to improve its production facilities in order to reduce its carbon footprint. These measures employed by HT motors to meet the guidelines issued by the government shows that the company is engaging in ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following has been at the forefront of the “green movement”? |
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Term
| Consumer demand for environmentally friendly products |
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Definition
| As part of the “green movement”, the European Commission has passed legislation to control all kinds of packaging waste throughout the European Union. Two critical issues that affect product development are the control of the packaging component of solid waste and _____. |
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Term
| The degree of newness as perceived by the intended market |
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Definition
| An important first step in adapting a product to a foreign market is to determine: |
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Term
| Introduction of an idea or product and its widespread adoption |
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Definition
| According to Everett Rogers, the goals of the diffusion researcher and the marketer are to shorten the time lag between: |
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Term
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Definition
| According to Everett Rogers, what is the element that differentiates diffusion from other types of communications research? |
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Term
| The method used to communicate the idea |
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Definition
| Which of the following is considered to be one of the extraneous variables that affects the rate of diffusion of an object? |
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Term
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Definition
| Martin is comparing the characteristics of his company’s water filters with those that are already being marketed in the local market. He realizes that there is lot of scope for his filters as they are functionally more advanced, have longer life, and also can be marketed at a competitive price in these markets. The characteristic of his product that will help in wide acceptance of his product is its _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carolyn is interested in marketing her company’s diet products in Asia. She is studying the acceptable behavior, norms, and values in Asian markets. Carolyn is studying _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| A company focusing its efforts on making its new innovation more user-friendly is working on the _____ of the product. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mark Harmon has found that using his new digital camera is a snap. He did not even have to read the instruction manual to determine how to turn the camera on, snap a digital picture, and export the picture to his computer. The signs (symbols) on the camera body made it very clear what he was to do to achieve digital photography success. Which of the following characteristics of Mark’s “new product” made it easy for him to begin his digital experience? |
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Term
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Definition
| Fiona asked her product manager for samples to give to potential consumers in Madrid, her new European market. Fiona is trying to reduce the degree of economic and/or social risk, or _____ associated with product use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingrid is developing promotional materials and product demonstrations to easily communicate the benefits of her cleaning products. Ingrid is trying to enhance the _____ of her products. |
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Term
| Market analyst's self-reference critereon |
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Definition
| Which of the following factors is mainly responsible for a perceptual bias when interpreting the characteristics of a product? |
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Term
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Definition
| Simone Francis is a specialist in product design. She is responsible for a product’s aesthetic as well as functional appearance. With respect to the product component model, in which of the following component categories would Simone’s talents most likely be used? |
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Term
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Definition
| If a company wished to alter a product’s platform so that the product could be manufactured in a variety of forms, to meet local differences in five different foreign markets, the _____ of the product component model would be in consideration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Omega appliances, a Korean company that manufactures kitchen appliances had to alter the design of its chimneys to suit the needs of the consumers in its Japanese market. The Japanese preferred compact and efficient appliances to fit their small kitchens. The component of the product that had to be altered in the above scenario is the _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Apple Computer had difficulties when it first entered the Japanese market with its Macintosh computers. Some of the computers were returned unused after customers found the wrapping on the instruction manual damaged. Though this would probably be no big deal in the U.S., it was certainly a cause for concern in quality-conscious Japan. To fix the problem, Apple needed to concentrate on which of the following components of the product component model? |
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Term
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Definition
| Bagel’s foods had to change the labeling on their products to meet the specifications regarding vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods, set by the government in the Japanese market. They also had to mention the ingredients in Japanese to make it clear for the local customers. The component of the product that is in focus in the above scenario is the _____. |
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Term
| Support Services component |
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Definition
| In some countries, maintenance of automobiles is not the norm. Cars are not repaired until they break down. Since the consumer is automatically angry with the manufacturer when something goes wrong with the car, repair and maintenance has become a concern of the various automobile manufacturers in this market. In which of the following components of the product component model would the management need to make improvements if problems such as the one above are to be solved? |
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Term
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Definition
| A Korean electronics company had to add detailed instructions regarding the repair and replacement of its product to make it easy for the local consumers to maintain it. Which of the following components of the product is being altered in the given scenario? |
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Term
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Definition
| Insurance, dry cleaning, and hotel accommodations have intrinsic value resulting from a process, a performance, or an occurrence that only exists while it is being created. Which of the following characteristics of services best matches to the above? |
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Term
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Definition
| Because a service is individually produced and is virtually unique, the service is said to have _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dr. Mark Townes is a dentist practicing in Denver. During a four-day stretch in March, it snowed so heavily that not a single patient was able to visit him. Since all the appointments were missed, he did not make any money for those four days, even though his normal expenses remained. Which of the following characteristics of services is affecting Dr. Townes’ business? |
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Term
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Definition
| Adam, a hairstylist at a salon in Seattle, styles his customers in various ways. His work looks different on different people even though he has styled all of them. This unique character of a service that is unique for every customer as it is individually produced is referred to as ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which is the largest services export of the United States, ranking behind only capital goods and industrial supplies when all exports are counted? |
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Term
| Licensing, franchising, or direct investment |
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Definition
| How do the vast majority of services enter a foreign market? |
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Term
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Definition
| Marketers of consumer services face four kinds of barriers in the global marketplace. Which of the following of these barriers is in force when a foreign market requires that services (such as banking or insurance) originate within the country itself and not from outside sources? |
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Term
| Cultural requirements for adaption |
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Definition
| The Red Lobster seafood restaurant is considering opening branch operations in China. However, the restaurant chain’s labor union has already pointed out a potential problem with this expansion. In China, it is considered to be in bad taste to allow employees to collect tips for service. Since a great portion of a typical wait-staff person’s compensation comes in the form of tips, the union would like to know how employees would be compensated for this loss. The above example illustrates which of the following barriers a consumer services marketer faces in a foreign market? |
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Term
| Controls trans-border data flows |
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Definition
| Maxcare, an insurance firm based in California had difficulties expanding their operations to Asian markets, as most of their target countries had strict regulations on transferring the details of the customers among the different branches of the firm. The company had to obtain an approval from its customers before sharing their personal information with their branches in other countries. Which of the following barriers is affecting the services of the insurance firm in the above scenario? |
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Term
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Definition
| The Norton group, a manufacturer of toiletries and cleaning products uses the name Cleanex, for most its products in all of their international markets. The name has created a universal appeal for their products as customers identify their products with the name. Hence, Cleanex can be regarded as a _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shoe manufacturer in Puerto Ria shipped his entire production to San Francisco and brought it back to his home country to market it as “Made in the U.S.” He knew that people would prefer buying products made in the U.S. rather than those that are domestically produced. The factor that is influencing the perception of the customers in the above scenario is called _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consumers have broad but somewhat vague stereotypes about specific countries and specific product categories that they judge “best.” Which of the following would not fit in the “best” stereotype scheme? |
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Term
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Definition
| In Russia, products are divided into two categories— “ours” and “imported.” This is an example of: |
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Term
| Industrial goods are more standardized than consumer goods |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements regarding the industrial goods market is true? |
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Term
| The inherent nature of the product |
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Definition
| Which of the following factors account for greater market similarities among industrial goods customers than among consumer goods customers? |
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Term
| the demand for industrial goods is more volatile than the demand for consumer goods |
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Definition
| Demand in industrial markets differs from demand in consumer markets in that: |
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Term
| Professional buyers in the market tend to act in concert |
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Definition
| Which of the following is a factor that exacerbates the volatility in demand in industrial markets? |
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Term
| The degree of industrialization |
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Definition
| Which of the following is probably the most significant factor affecting the international market for industrial goods and services? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following is the first stage of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic development? |
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Term
| The most important industrial demand relates to natural resources extraction |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of Stage 1 of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic development? |
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Term
| Infrastructure development is a primary requirement in the economy |
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Definition
| Which of the following is characteristic of Stage 2 of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic growth? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following countries would be characterized as being in Stage 2 of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic growth? |
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Term
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Definition
| A country has reached a level of economic development where there is focus on manufacturing of both semidurable and nondurable consumer goods. Also, the goods demanded relate to equipment and supplies to support manufacturing. Which of the following stages of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic growth is the country in? |
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Term
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Definition
| Russia and Eastern European countries have been characterized as being in which of the following stages of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic growth? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following stages of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic growth do industrialized economies such as Korea and the Czech Republic fit into? |
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Term
| The age of mass consumption |
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Definition
| Which of the following stages of Rostow’s five-stage model of economic growth do highly-industrialized countries like Japan and Germany fit into? |
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Term
| It is primarily a service economy |
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Definition
| Country X is likely to be in the age of mass consumption according to Rostow’s five-stage model of economic development if: |
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Term
| The quality of the educational system |
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Definition
| Which of the following is possibly the best indicator of a country’s ability to use technology to leap several stages of economic development in a very short time? |
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Term
| Expanding economic and industrial growth in Asia |
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Definition
| Which of the following factors spurs demand for technologically advanced products in the world? |
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Term
| The privatization of state-owned enterprises |
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Definition
| Which of the following will expand demand, particularly for industrial goods and business services, in Latin America? |
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Term
| Farmers in developing countries often prefer less-efficient but easier-to-maintain products |
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Definition
| Business-to-business marketers frequently misinterpret the concept of quality. Which of the following examples best illustrates this idea? |
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Term
| Meets the specific needs of the buyer |
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Definition
| An important dimension of quality is how well the product: |
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Term
| Involving customers in the product development process |
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Definition
| The process of total quality management (TQM) starts with: |
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Term
| The lack of universal standards limits the expansion of an industry |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true of universal standards in the sale of international products? |
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Term
| The perception of quality can differ across countries |
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Definition
| Buyers in Country X preferred to use the older version of Firm A’s product although it was bulkier and less user-friendly. Buyers in Country Y, however, preferred to use the newer, lightweight version for its new user interface. What can be inferred from this information? |
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Term
| The ISO 9000 standards are a certification of the quality control system that a company has in place |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of the ISO 9000 certification? |
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Term
| Their buyers require them to be ISO 9000 registered |
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Definition
| Many suppliers are adopting ISO 9000 standards because: |
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Term
| The ISO 9000 is generally voluntary except for certain regulated products |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of the ISO 9000 certification? |
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Term
| The adoption of the ISO 90000 by a company |
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Definition
| Which of the following is considered to be an important competitive marketing tool in Europe? |
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Term
| The revenues from associated services exceed the revenues from the cellular phone |
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Definition
| In the case of cellular phones, the physical product is practically given away to gain the phone services contract. This could be because: |
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Term
| Differentiate its product from its competitors |
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Definition
| The ISO 9000 certification will allow a company to: |
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Term
| Are almost always more profitable than the actual sale of the good itself |
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Definition
| Firms that sell industrial goods in the international market should focus on after-sales services because these services: |
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Term
| The creation and consumption of services cannot be separated |
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Definition
| For most consumer services firms, the mode of entry into a foreign market is licensing, franchising, strategic alliances, or direct. This is usually done because: |
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Term
|
Definition
| Some business services have intrinsic value that can be embodied in some tangible form; they can be produced in one country and exported to another. Which of the following is an example of this? |
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Term
| Most business services companies enter international markets to service their local clients abroad |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true? |
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Term
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Definition
| S&F Advertising Agency has just acquired a significant piece of Miracle’s multimillion-dollar advertising business. Miracle would particularly like S&F to come up with creative ideas for Miracle’s recent expansion into South Asian markets of India and Indonesia. In order to accommodate Miracle, S&F has now opened offices in two Indian cities and one Indonesian city. What would be the proper term to use to describe what S&F is doing with its own expansion into the above Asian markets? |
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Term
| Intellectual property issues |
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Definition
| In knowledge-based services such as consulting, engineering, education, and information technology, _____ is a key driver of success and failure. |
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Term
| Rely on information transfers across countries |
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Definition
| Restrictions on cross-border data flows are most damaging to industries that: |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following has become the primary vehicle for business-to-business promotion and selling in many foreign countries? |
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Term
| The marketing system develops around the philosophy of selling a limited supply of goods at high prices to a small number of affluent customers |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true of a traditional distribution structure? |
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Term
| The importer-wholesaler traditionally performs most of the marketing functions |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true regarding an import-oriented distribution structure? |
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Term
| The Japanese distribution structure supports long-term dealer-supplier relationships |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true of the Japanese market? |
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Term
| Internal Internet-based system |
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Definition
| In the international business arena, which of the following is considered to be one of Walmart’s strengths? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following countries has the largest number of retailers? |
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Term
| Speed of economic development |
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Definition
| In the context of distribution patterns, the rate of change in retailing around the world appears to be directly related to the _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ is often the approach of choice in markets with insufficient or underdeveloped distribution systems. |
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Term
| They work on commission and arrange for sales in the foreign country |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true regarding agent middlemen? |
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Term
| They assume trading risks |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true regarding merchant middlemen? |
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Term
| The limited control over the distribution process |
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Definition
| A disadvantage when using home-country middlemen as intermediaries in the distribution process is: |
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Term
| the large amount of commission charged by the home-country middlemen |
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Definition
| A major trade-off when using home-country middlemen is: |
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Term
| an export management company |
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Definition
| James Barker is the marketing manager of a firm with small international sales volume. He is looking for a middleman who can take responsibility for promotion of the company’s products, credit arrangements, physical handling, and market research. Also, the middleman must be able to provide information on financial, patent, and licensing matters. In addition, the middleman should agree to work under the name of the firm. Which of the following types of middlemen would be the best choice for Mr. Barker if he wants to meet his objectives? |
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Term
| It calls for a minimum investment from the parent firm to get into |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is true regarding an export management company (EMC)? |
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Term
| Export management companies |
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Definition
| A major disadvantage of _____ is that they can seldom afford to make the kind of market investment needed to establish deep distribution for products. |
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Term
|
Definition
| For companies seeking entrance into the complicated Japanese distribution system, _____ offer one of the easiest routes to success because they virtually control distribution through all levels of channels in Japan. |
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Term
| They can function as a principal or a commissioned agent |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of foreign sales corporations? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is one of the six Cs of distribution channel strategy? |
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Term
| The functions performed by middlemen |
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Definition
| In the context of factors affecting choice of channels, one of the key elements in distribution decisions includes _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a critical element associated with using a particular type of middleman? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most middlemen have little loyalty to their vendors. They handle brands in good times when the line is making money but quickly reject such products within a season or a year if they fail to produce during that period. This is an example of problems associated with which of the following six Cs of distribution channel strategy? |
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Term
| Have little loyalty to their vendors |
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Definition
| One of the reasons that channels of distribution often pose longevity problems is that most middlemen _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ is an area that should be on a checklist of criteria for evaluating middlemen servicing a market. |
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Term
| Studying the target market |
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Definition
| Which of the following actions should be taken to begin with the search for prospective middlemen? |
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Term
| To personally talk to ultimate consumers to find whom they consider to be the best distributors |
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Definition
| Experienced exporters suggest that the only way to select a middleman is: |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sixty percent of the Japanese population lives in the _____ market area, which essentially functions as one massive city. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most middlemen have little loyalty to their vendors. They handle brands in good times when the line is making money but quickly reject such products within a season or a year if they fail to produce during that period. This is an example of problems associated with which of the following six Cs of channel strategy? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Apex Corporation is a wholesaler for Global Electronics in the French market. Global Electronics discovered that Apex Corp. was diverting some of their goods to the English market. Apex Corp. could get a greater profit in the English market because the goods were bought by the firm at a cheaper price in France. In the context of the above scenario, which of the following forms of business is Apex engaged in? |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the context of cultural reactions when engaging in e-commerce, the color red is associated with socialism in _____. |
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Term
| It includes transportation mode, inventory quantities and packing |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of a physical distribution system? |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the context of integrated marketing communications, in many markets, the availability of appropriate _____ to customers can determine entry decisions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Integrated marketing communications are composed of all of the following EXCEPT: |
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Term
| Advertising and personal selling |
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Definition
| For most companies, which of the following are the major components in the marketing communications mix? |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ are marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchases and improve retailer or middlemen effectiveness and cooperation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ are short-term efforts directed to the consumer or retailer to achieve such specific objectives as consumer product trial or immediate purchase. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In-store demonstrations, samples, coupons, contests, and sweepstakes are examples of _____ devices. |
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Term
|
Definition
| All of the following are specific objectives of sales promotion EXCEPT: |
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Term
|
Definition
| An especially effective promotional tool when a product concept is new or has a very small market share is known as _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Creating good relationships with the popular press and other media to help companies communicate messages to their publics—customers, the general public, and governmental regulators—is the role of _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following elements of integrated marketing communications is related to encouraging the press to cover positive stories about companies and managing unfavorable rumors, stories, and events? |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ might be classified as an aspect of sales promotions or public relations, though their connections to advertising are also manifest. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the context of international advertising, global mass media advertising is a powerful tool for _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Of all the elements of the marketing mix, decisions involving _____ are those most often affected by cultural differences among country markets. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the context of international advertising, it has been observed that advertising expenditures are generally _____. |
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Term
| Perform marketing research |
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Definition
| While developing an international advertisement campaign, which of the following is the first step of the process? |
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Term
| Advertisements of the product |
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Definition
| Of all the elements of the marketing mix, decisions involving which of the following are those most often affected by cultural differences among country markets? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Of the seven steps involved in international advertising, _____ almost always represents the most daunting task for international marketing managers. |
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Term
| the ability of a camera to take a picture |
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Definition
| Which of the following is an example of the primary attribute of a product? |
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Term
| A different advertising appeal |
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Definition
| Due to differences in culture in different markets, standardized products that are marketed globally will require: |
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Term
| choose more standardized promotional efforts |
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Definition
| The emergence of pan-European communications media will most likely cause companies to: |
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Term
|
Definition
| During which step of the international communications process does the receiver of the message interpret symbolism transmitted from the information source? |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the international communications process, during _____, the message from the source is converted into effective symbolism for transmission to a receiver. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the international communications process, the sales force of a company that conveys the encoded content to the intended receiver acts as a _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the international communications process, an international marketing executive with a product message to communicate acts as a(n) _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the international communications process, _____ is defined as the interpretation by the receiver of the symbolism transmitted from the information source. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cremics, a multinational drug manufacturing company, used a saffron trident in a promotional campaign for one of their drugs in India. The saffron trident, a religious symbol in India was meant to indicate the three levels of efficacy of the drug, but mistakenly conveyed a religious message to Indians. This miscommunication indicates a problem associated with which of the following steps of an international communications process? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following elements of the international communications process comprises external influences, such as competitive advertising, other sales personnel, and confusion at the receiving end that can detract from the ultimate effectiveness of the communication? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Janet works for a media agency based in Japan. Janet is helping the IMC manager of Siljure, a French cosmetics company, with the design and language to be used in an upcoming promotional campaign in Japan. The IMC manager knows what to convey but wants to advertise it in a culturally relevant manner. Which step of the IMC process is Janet helping Siljure with? |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the communications process in advertising, during the _____ stage, a consumer takes certain actions to respond to a decoded message. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the context of the communications process in advertising, problems of literacy, media availability, and types of media create challenges in the communications process at the _____ step. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Using newspapers or magazine ads as a channel of communication when the majority of the intended users are illiterate, is an example of ineffective _____ in the communications process. |
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Term
| Message channel selection |
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Definition
| With reference to the communication process in advertising, using the Internet as a medium when only a small percentage of an intended market has access to it, is an example of an error related to: |
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Term
| Information Source Selection |
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Definition
| Meta Garbon, a manufacturer of sports bicycles, in a bid to tap the enormous market for bicycles in China promote their cycles as premium sporting and leisure bicycles. They use various cycling legends and sports celebrities as brand ambassadors, and use television, radio, and newspapers as media. Bicycles in China are used mainly by the working class for commutation, and the main users of bicycles did not relate to Meta Garbon's products and the promotional campaign was a failure. During which of the following steps of the IMC process did Meta Garbon go wrong? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following steps of a communications process is important as a check on the effectiveness of the other steps? |
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Term
| Toy, tobacco, and liquor advertising is restricted in numerous countries |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements about advertising laws around the world is correct? |
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Term
| An ad showing a dog choosing one brand of dog food over another |
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Definition
| Which of the following is an example of comparative advertising? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following are especially vulnerable as EU member states decide which area of regulation should apply to these services? |
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Term
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Definition
| Companies that rely on television infomercials and television shopping are restricted by the limitations placed on the _____ of television commercials permitted when their programs are classified as advertisements |
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Definition
| _____ is one of the major barriers to effective communication through advertising. |
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Definition
| ________ in countries can distort media choice by changing the cost ratios of various media. |
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| In-country testing with the target consumer group |
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Definition
| The only way to avoid linguistic problems in advertising communication is by: |
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Definition
| With respect to advertising, _____ is especially important when a budget is small or where there are severe production limitations. |
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| Ratio and Television Broadcasting |
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Definition
| Certain advertising media are forbidden by government edict to accept some advertising materials. Such restrictions are most prevalent in: |
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Term
| Few magazines provide reliable circulation data |
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Definition
| One of the reasons for the notably low use of foreign national consumer magazines by international advertisers is that: |
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Definition
| Which of the following are considered to be major communications media in most countries due to their inherent entertainment value? |
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| Their ability to span a wide geographical region |
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Definition
| One of the drawbacks of satellites is: |
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Definition
| _____ allows ESPN to fill visual real estate—blank walls, streets, stadium sidings—with computer-generated visuals that look like they belong in the scene. |
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Term
| The letter carrier must collect additional postage for every item delivered |
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Definition
| Direct mail is an unpopular medium in Chile because: |
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Definition
| _____ suffer(s) from issues such as difficulty in assessing taxes, unfair competition, import duties, and privacy. |
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Definition
| With regard to consumer products, which of the following is the major limitation of the Internet? |
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Definition
| Blogs, social networking, and video sharing are examples of media commonly known as _____. |
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Definition
| In which of the following countries is the time spent on social media sites the highest? |
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| with high illiteracy rates |
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Definition
| In the context of media planning and analysis, billboards are especially useful in countries: |
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Term
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Definition
| In the context of international advertising, _____ is the neon capital of the world. |
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Term
| Private cars that are painted with advertisements |
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Definition
| In Spain, a new medium for advertising called Publicoche includes: |
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Definition
| In the context of international advertising, companies are moving from the commission system to a _____ system. |
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Term
| Cross-cultural communication between a foreign client and a local agency can be problematic |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of advertising agencies for international advertising? |
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Term
| The company sets prices to achieve specific objectives |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of a company that views prices as an active instrument of accomplishing marketing objectives? |
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Term
| Exports only excess inventory |
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Definition
| A company that views pricing as a static element in a business decision: |
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Term
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Definition
| The Floral Group, an importing organization in New York, has just bought an excessive amount of perfume from perfume manufacturer in Paris. Unknown to the perfume manufacturer, the Floral Group has sold 25 percent of its order to distributors in France that have been unable to purchase any products from the perfume manufacturer. Which of the following best describes the transaction that has just taken place? |
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Term
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Definition
| Since it encourages retailers to stock large assortments of a product, the practice of _____ distribution often creates a favorable condition for parallel importing. |
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Term
| The costs of production of the good |
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Definition
| Firms that are unfamiliar with overseas marketing and firms that produce industrial goods orient their pricing solely on the basis of: |
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Term
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Definition
| In _____ pricing, the firm is concerned only with the marginal or incremental cost of producing goods to be sold in overseas markets. |
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Term
| In this approach any contribution to fixed cost after variable costs are covered is profit to the company |
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Definition
| Which of the following characterizes the variable-cost pricing approach? |
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Term
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Definition
| In most cases, the reason that products which cost relatively little in one country cost more in another is: |
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Definition
| Lower prices to the buyer may also mean lower tariffs, because most tariffs are levied on a(n) _____ basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The creation of a free trade zone leads to: |
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Term
| Not have to pay tariffs on the imported materials and parts |
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Definition
| Drew’s company imports materials and parts into a free trade zone (FTZ) within the United States and then exports finished products to other countries. Her company will: |
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Term
| In an FTZ, payment of import duties is postponed until the product leaves the FTZ area and enter the countru |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of free trade zones (FTZs)? |
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Term
| Duties are assessed at lower rates for unassembled goods |
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Definition
| By shipping unassembled goods to a free trade zone (FTZ) in an importing country, a marketer can lower costs because: |
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Term
| wages may be lower in the importing country |
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Definition
| A marketer may face lower costs by shipping unassembled goods to a free trade zone (FTZ) in an importing country because: |
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Term
| Unassembled goods may qualify for lower freight rates |
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Definition
| The costs of production may be lowered if a firm ships unassembled goods to a free trade zone (FTZ) in an importing country because: |
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Term
| At a price below the cost of production |
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Definition
| One approach to defining the pricing policy of dumping is to say that it is a case where a product is sold in the international market: |
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Term
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Definition
| For _____ duties to be levied on a good, it must be shown that prices are lower in the importing country than in the exporting country and that producers in the importing country are being directly harmed by dumping. |
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Term
| Demand in the home country is low |
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Definition
| Dumping in the world markets is likely to increase when: |
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Term
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Definition
| Assembly in the importing country is a way companies attempt to lower prices and avoid dumping charges. These assembly plants are known as _____ plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| An important selling technique to alleviate high prices and capital shortages for capital equipment is the _____ system. |
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Term
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Definition
| When Polar Inc., an American fast-food company, wanted to market its burgers and fries in France, it was asked to accept French wine in return. This is an example of: |
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Term
| Allows trade with counties short of hard currency |
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Definition
| The use of countertrade in international trade: |
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Term
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Definition
| The crucial problem confronting a seller in a countertrade negotiation is determining the _____ for the goods offered as payment. |
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Term
| Frequently there is inadequate time to conduct a market analysis in a countertrade negotiation |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of countertrading? |
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Term
| Price quotations must specify the currency to be used and the credit terms of the transaction |
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Definition
| Which of the following is essential while making price quotations for international sale? |
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Definition
| Which of the following is an example of a price-fixing arrangement? |
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Definition
| A _____ exists when various companies producing similar products or services work together to control markets for the types of goods and services they produce. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is a typical payment procedure for established customers where the goods are delivered, and the customer is billed on an end-of-the-month basis. |
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Term
| Irrevocable letter of credit |
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Definition
| A(n) _____ means that once the seller has accepted the credit, the buyer cannot alter it in any way without permission of the seller. |
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Term
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Definition
| With _____, the seller assumes all risk until the actual dollars are received. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following leave(s) sellers in a position where most of the problems of international commercial finance work to their disadvantage? |
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Term
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Definition
| In a(n) _____, the seller makes a one-time arrangement with a bank or other financial institution to take over responsibility for collecting the account receivable. |
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Term
| Sales on open accounts are not generally recommended when there is political unrest in the importer's country |
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Definition
| Which of the following is true of open accounts? |
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Term
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Definition
| In _____, a company has an ongoing relationship with a bank that routinely buys its short-term accounts receivable at a discount. |
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