Phylum Bryozoa

Body Plan

colonial

few cm in size

zooid and zooecium

2 growth forms - upright/branching and encrusting 

Phylum Bryozoa

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - attached, fouling community

dig - complete, u-gut, filter

circ - none

excret - diffusion, brown body

resp - diffusion

repro - colony is monoecious, zooids are mono or di

ner - nerve ring base of lophophores

eco - mini reefs, fauling

Phylum Bryozoa

Larvaes

Phylum Phoronida

Body Plan

solitary but occur in large numbers

2-20 cm

chitin tube

lophophores

Phylum Phoronida

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - mud

dig - complete, u-gut, filter

circ - vessels, hemoglobin, go into tentacles of lophophores

excret - metanephridia

resp - mono or di

nerv - nerve ring base of phoronida

eco - minor role in food web in local areas (cold water)

Phylum Phoronida

larval form

Phylum Branchipodia

Class Articulata

Body Plan

2 shells

CaCO3

hinge at the point

pedicle - stalk - near the hinge - short - used for attachment

lophophores - 2 of them - spiraled, inside of shells

Phylum Branchiopoda

Class Articulata

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - rock, deep water, each other (seuss train)

dig - incomplete, filter

circ - heart/vessels, coelom with hemerythrin

excret - metanephridia

resp - diffustion

repro - di, has larval stage

nerv - nerve ring

eco - minor, large fossils

Phylum Branchiopoda

Class Inarticulata

Body Plan

2 shells - oval and oblong, smooth

very long pedicule

no hinge

calcium phosphate and chiton

lophophore - on insde - spiraled 

Phylum Branchiopoda

Class Inarticulata

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - sand (burried), large numbers

dig - complete, filter feed

circ - heart/vessels, coelom with hemerythrin

excret - metanephridia

resp - diffusion

repro - di, larval stage unnamed

eco - bays, fossils

Phylum Hemichordata

Class Enteropheusta

Body plan

5cm-2m

proboscis --> collar --> trunk

behind the collar there are genital flaps along first part of trunk

and gill pores run down the middle of the first part of the trunk

Phylum Hemichordata

Class Enteropheusta

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - sand

dig - complete, deposit

circ/excret - heart and kidney are together, some vessles and some sinuses

resp - gill chambers, no special fillament

repro - dioecious

nerv - ganglia, ring on collar, dorsal (very short) and ventral (very long) cords

eco - bioturbation 

Phylum Hemichordata

Class Enteropeusta

larval stage

Phylum Chordata

characteristics

nerve cord

notochord - support structure on dorsal side of animal

gill slits - inverts delop into feeding basket

post anal tail - can be resorbed

pharyngeal gland

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Ascidiacea
Body Plan

few cm

colonial or solitary

thick tunic on outside of body

cellulor in parts

spicules

morula cells - concentrate different types of chemicals

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Ascidiacea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - attached to something, colonial encrusts

dig - complete, filter

circ - reversing heart, vessels

excret - diffusion

resp - diffusion

repro - mono, tadpole - has adhesive papile, tail contains notochord and nerve cord

nerv - ganglia, nerve net, chemosensory

eco - water filters, bioactive compounds

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Thaliacea

Body plan

few cm

colonial - few m

barrel shaped 

thin tunic

Phylum Chrodata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Thaliacea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiraton

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - planktonic

dig - complete, filter, gill bar

circ - heart and vessels

excret - diffusion

resp - diffusion

repro - mono, tadpole, asexual budding into colony

nerv - ganglia, nerve net

eco - filter water, bioluminence

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Larvacea

Body Plan

few mm

look like tadpole larvae

solitary

no tunic

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Larvacea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion
Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - planktonic near surface

dig - complete, mucus house

circ - heart and vessels

excret - diffusion

repro - di, tadpole larva

nerv - chordate, don't lose anything

eco - marine snow

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Class Leptocardia

Body Plan

few cm

solitary

worm with cirri up front

flow through water system

have gill basket leading to an atripore

has muscles - myomers

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Class Leptocardia

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Exretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - sand

dig - complete, gill basket filter

circ - vessels

excret - metanephridia

resp - gill basket

repro - dioecious, larval not named

nerve - chordate, no sensory

eco - minor part of web in bays

biological key model - hox gene

Phylum Echinodermata

basic body plan

deuterostomes

secondary radial symmetry - larvaes are bilateral

aboral and oral sides

pentameric symmetry

spiny skin - ossicles CaCO3, fuse to form plates, spines and test

Phylum Echinodermata

Water Vascular System

madreporite - seive plate

stone canal - partly calcified

ring canal - runs around mouth

radial canals - traverse the arms

lateral canals - really short

podia - with or without suckers, with/out ampullae

used for movement and/or feeding

Phylum Echinodermata

Catch Connective Tissue

holds plates together

nervous control of structural integrity

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

Body Plan

1cm-1m disk and arms

no distinct difference between arms and disk

arm numbers range 5-40

madreporite is on aboral side

ambulacral groove runnind down middle of arm - podia

coverings - skin, plates, spines, paxillae (little trees), papullae (fingers), pedicellaria

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

WVS

madreporite aboral

canal system

podial with ampullae on inside

lateral canals come off just below ampullae to run to the center

most with suckers

used for walking, sometimes feeding

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Nervous

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - most epibenthic

dig - complete, cardiac and pyloric stomach, pyloric caeca, carnivores, evert/ingest

circ - heart/vessels, no pigment, coelom and WVS

excret - diffusion with papullae

resp - diffusion with papullae and podia

nerv - echino

repro - di, larval, asexual frag

eco - predators, regeneration

Phylum Echinodermata

Echino Nervous

nerve ring - on top of ring canal

radial nerves - also follows canal system

eye spots at tip of arms

podia - chemosensory

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

Larval stages

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Ophiuroidea

Body Plan

disk - 2040mm

arms - 5-500cm long

5-6 arms

arms are made up of individual segments - plates, aboral,oral,sides (with spines)

distinct seperation of arms and disk

coverings - plates, granuales, skin

hole on either side of oral arm plate for podia (podial pore)

madreporite located on oral shield

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Ophiuroidea

WVS

madreporite - oral plate

canal system

podia - no ampullae, no suckers, can have pumps - mainly used for feeding 

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Ophiuroidea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulatory

Excretion 

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - benthic, epizoic

dig - incomplete, only have stomach, all types

cir - heart/vessels, no pigmet, coelom and VWS main

excret - diffusion, bursae sacs

resp - diffusion, bursae sacs

repro - di, sequential hermaphrodite, asexual frag

eco - food web, autonomy and regeneration

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Ophiuroidea

Larval stages

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinoidea

Body Plan

Urchin

global shaped

spines have its own muscle connection and move independently

aristotle's lantern on oral side - peristome sturrounds

pedicellaria

apical system at the top of aboral side - madreporite here

ambulacra grooves - narrow - WVS - unterambulacra grooves - big open section

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinodea

Body Plan

Sand Dollar

flat with a slight bump

aristotle's lantern is dead center on oral side

small spines cover surface

aboral side has petals (large podia do resp), madreporite in center, has lunule

oral side has food grooves

periproct is end of digestive system, below mouth and peristome 

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinodea

Body Plan

Heart Urchin

side view - has spines (short), mouth at bottom, runs through gut that lets out on the other side, no Aristotle's lantern

dorsal - has petals and madreporite, forms groove

ventral - mouth followed by plastron, periproct is on other side as mouth

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinodea

WVS

madreporite aboral

canal system

podia - ampullae and suckers

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinodea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - epibenthic/burried

dig - complete, herb/omni, deposit

circ - heart/vessels, no pigment, coelom and WVS

excret - diffusion across surface

resp - diffusion, petals, gills on some

repro - di, larval

nerv - echino

eco - food web, commensals, barrens, roe

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinodea

Larva

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Holothuroidea

Body Plan

1cm-2m

soft body - small ossicles

thick body wall and muscles

oral end is where tentacles are, aboral is the butt, tentacles are giant modified podia

calcareous ring with madreporite

podia distributed on outside

radii - lined up

sole - scattered but compact

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Holothuroidea

WVS

madreporite is internal

canal system

podia - present or absent - ampullae and suckers

tentacles - several forms

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Holothuroidea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - epibenthic, infaunal and sand, flying

dig - complete, deposit or filter

circ - well developed set of vessels

excret - diffusion through respiratiory trees

resp - diffusion, two trees, branch off back, pumps water inside of the animal

repro - dioecous, 3 stages

nerv - echino, no eyes

eco - bioturbation, commensals, evisceration, fishery

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Holothuroidea

Larvae

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Crinoidea

Body plan

calyx 10-50mm long

arms with pinnules - 500mm long

anywhere from 5-100 arms

can be attacked to a stalk or not; if not then they have cirri

stalk is built of a stack of columnals (life savers)

oral is up, aboral is down

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Crinoidea

WVS

upper surface of calyx with pores

multiple stone canals

rest of canal system is standard

podia - no ambullae or suckers

catch food particles

walk on cirri

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Crinoidea

Habitat

Digestion

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

hab - stalked - deep sea rock, feather - reefs

dig - complete, filter feed

circ - heart/vessels, no pigment, coelom and WVS

excret - diffusion

resp - diffusion

resp - diggusion

repro - di, gonads are in specialized pinnules, larva

nerv - 3 parts - nerve ring --> radial nervs - one to stalk/cirri; one to mouth/arms; one to podia and pinnules

eco - minor part of reef web, not terribly important, fossil record

Phlyum Echinodermata

Class Concentricycloidea

Body plan

WVS

Habitat

body - circular, spines, 5-10mm across

wvs - 2 rings, outer (podia - suckers) and inner ring

hab - 1000-3000m on wood, worldwide

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Crinoidea

Larval stages