Phylum Tardigrada

Body plan

-100um-1mm

-trunk

-4 pairs of legs with claws or disks

-thick cuticle moled as a single piece

-muscle bundles

Phylum Tardigrada

Habitat

Ecology

sand and algae

very minor part of food web

cryptobiosis

Phylum Tardigrada

Digestion

complete

buccal tuble with styles

herbivores - puncture cells and suck out insides 

Phylum Tardigrada

Circulation

Excretion
Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

circ - none

exc - malpighian glands

resp - diffusion

repro - dioecious, direct, eggs in exuvium (old molt)

nerv - dorsal ganglia, ventral cord, ocelli

Phylum Arthropoda

Body - exoskeleton

complex thick cuticle of chiton

many marine forms add salt and other minerals such as Ca

Phylum Arthropoda

Body - Ecdysis

soft shell

paper shell

bad molts

terminal molts

molting of exoskeleton

under hormonal control

soft shell - molts, swells in size, add minerals to shell to harden it/extremely vulnerable

paper shell - when the exoskeleton is thin

bad molts - get stuck inside old molt *dies*

terminal molt - only molt so many times before they stop

cycles get longer with age

Phylum Arthropoda

Body - Segmented body

Metamerism

Tagmata

meramerism - same thing repeats over and over again - most acient form

tagmata - specialized regions, more derived, head, thorax, abdomen

many segments - ancestral

less segments - derived

Phylum Arthropoda

Body - Segmented appendages

Head

may/may not have antannae

may/may not have eyes (simple --> complex)

mouth parts for feeding

distinctions between subphyla based on head

Phylum Arthropoda

Body - Segmented Appendages

Thorax and abdomen

thorax - some with appendages for feeding, appendages for movement

abdomen - most variable, may/not have appendages, variations in numbers, repro, resp, move

Phylum Arthropoda

Body - Muscles

Phylum Arthropoda

Digestive

complete

subdivisions - mouth, stomach, intestine

large digestive glands

Phylum Arthropoda

typical Circulation

open

long heart with ostia (bunch of holes)

arteries and sinuses

Phylum Arthropoda

Typical Nervous

dorsal brain, ventral cord

circum - esophageal connectives

ganglia along nerve cord - deals with each segment of the body

eyes

sensillae - hairs, mechano/chemo receptors

statocysts on larger ones

tril - extinct 200mya

myria - centipedes and millipedes

hexa - insects that was broken into own group, mosquitoes

horshoe crabs and sea spiders

no antannae

chelicera

Class Merostomata Order Xiphosura

Body - top view

30-70cm

cephalothorax - prosoma - front end of body; covered with carapace

abdomen - opisthosoma, hard exoskeleton

telson

compond eyes in the center

simple eye spot up front

Class Merostomata Order Xiphosura

Body - on the understide

leg order

gnathobase

abdomen

first set of appendages are chelicera

next comes pedipalps - male has hooks, female normal

next are 4 pairs of legs

gnathobase - on base of legs, little spines projecting out, forms food groove, mouth is right above goove

on abdomen - first slab is genital operculum, book gills

benthic

shallow

Atlantic - Limulus polyphemus

food groove

crop and gizzard

omnivores

typical arthropod

hemocyanin - blood pigment turns blue in the presence of oxygen

4 pairs coxal glands

exit at the base of the four sets of legs

dioecious

dimorphic

-males smaller with hooked pedipalps

mass spawning 

trilobite larva - small adult without telson

elongate brain

simple and complex eyes

eggs on beach for migratory birds 

commercial - bait

can be eaten...

blood harvesting - medical testing for noxious things

biology - vision

Class Pycnogonida

Body

sea spiders

few mm-10cm

head - proboscis, chelicera, palps

thorax - ovigers, 4-6 pairs of legs

abdomen - almost absent, little bump

Class Pycnogonida

Habitat

Ecology

sand, algae, reef organisms (sponges and corals)

hard to determine

Class Pycnogonida

Digestion

complete

diverticula in legs - gut loops out into legs to increase surface area

carnivores

Class Pycnogonida

Circulation

excretion

respiration

reproduction

nervous

circ - typical

exc - diffusion

repro - dioecious, males carry eggs on ovigers, protonymphon larva

nerv - typical, eyes, palps - chem

Subphylum Crustacea

Body Plan - head

1st antannae - antennules, sensory, can be long/short

2nd antannae

mandibles - first set of mouth parts, block-like

1st maxilla - help guide food into the mandibles, leaf-live

2nd maxilla - same as first

eyes - can be modified, simple or compound

Subphylum Crustacea

Body - Thorax

variable number of segments, usually <10

used to define lower levels

appendages - variety of forms

thoracopods - no differences across appendages

maxillipeds - feeding

pereopods - movement

variable number of segments

with or without appendages

pleopods - swimmerettes, relatively small, swimming, hold eggs, some resp

uropods - last segment, broad tail fan sides or narrow spines, heavily calcified

maxillipeds - feeding

perepods - movement

pleopods - swimmerettes, variety of functions

uropods - tail fan

biramous - two parts

endopod - towards midline

exopod - away from midline

thoracopods - no differences between legs

no appendages

thin flap that sticks out between uropods

with minerals

may or may not have carapace

hab - everywhere

dig - complete, all types

circ - typical or absent

excretion - antennal glands or maxillary glands

resp - small=diffusion, big=gills

repro - dioecious, some monoecious, Nauplius larva

nerv - typical, asthetascs (chemosens hair), naupliar eye (spot), compound eye

1-30mm

head - carapace (curcular), naupliar eye, compound eyes, 1st maxilla--> suckers

thorax - 4 segments, 4 pairs biramous thoracopods

abdomen - unsegmented, no appendages

no telson

hab/dig - ectoparasite on fish

repro - dioecious

ecol - minor role as parasite

1-5mm

head - carapace - covers all body, large compound eyes, 1st maxilla reduced, 2nd maxilla reduced or absent

thorax - 4 segments, 4-6 pairs biramous thoracopods

abdomen - reduced

telson - absent

hab - planktonic

dig - herbivores and particulate

repro - dioecious, parthenogenic (brood pouch)

eco - minor part of plankton

0.5-33mm (Godzilla Trend)

head - carapace covers body, bivalve with CaCO3, hidge and aductor muscles, eyes, 2nd antannae large, 2nd maxilla absent

thorax - hard to count segments, 1-3 pairs biramous thoracopods

abdomen - reduced

telson - absent 

antennal notch

compound and naupliar eye

heart 

most marine forms 

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Ostracoda

Subclass Podocopa

no antennal notch

naupliar eye

no heart

most fresh water forms

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Ostracoda

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - planktonic or benthic

dig - all feeding types

repro - dioecious

eco - minor part of food web, fossil record

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Copepoda

Body Plan

head - no carapace, large 1st antannae, small 2nd antannae, naupliar eye

thorax - 6 segments, 1st and possibly 2nd segments are fused to head, appendages present

abdomen - 4-5 segments, no appendages, caudal rami (little fork)

no telson

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Copepoda

Order Calanoida

Body Plan

head - 1st antannae-->21-27 segments, 2nd antennae biramous, 10 segments, naupliar eye

thorax - 1st fused to head, 1 pair maxillipeds, 5 pairs biramous perepods

abdomen - 4-5 segments, no appendages

no telson

flex point - thorax and abdomen

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Copepoda

Order Calanoida

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

hab - planktonic

dig - herbivores and carnivores

repro - dioecious, 1 egg sac, 6 naupliar stages, 5 copepodid stages 

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Copepoda

Order Cyclopoida

body plan

head - 1st antannae 9-23 segments, 2nd antennae uniramous 3 segments, naupliar eye

thorax - 1st and 2nd segments fused to head, 1 pair maxillapeds, 5 pair biramous pereopods

abdomen - 4-5 segments, no appendages

telson absent

flex point - 5-6 thorax

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Copepoda

Order Cyclopoida

habitat

digestion

reproduction

ecology

hab - planktonic

dig - herb/carn

repro - dioecious, female 2 egg sacs, naupliar and copepodid stages

eco - base of consumer food web in planktonic system

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Copepoda

Order Harpacticoida

Body

head - 1st ant 5-14 seg, 2nd ant biramous, 2-8seg; naupliar eye

thorax - very narrow, 1st and 2nd fused to head; 1 pair maxillipeds, 5 pair biramous pereopods

abdomen - 4-5 seg, no appendages

telson absent

flex point - thorax 5-6

hab - epibenthic

dig - deposit feed

repro - dioecious female 1 egg sac, naupliar and copepodid stages

eco - benthic food web

head - mouth cone, maxillae=hook like apparatus used to hold on

the rest is species specific

hab - ectoparasites

dig - parasitic

repro - dioecious, 2 eggs sacs, naupliar and copepoid stages

carapace from mantle tissue encloses body

cyprid larva

sac barnacles

head - mouth cone, 1st ant sub-chelate, 2nd ant absent, no eyes

bivalve carapace, no CaCO3

thorax - 6 seg, 3-6 pairs thoracopods

abdomen - 4-5 segments, no appendages

telson absent

hab - paracitic, sub-chelate ant used for attachment, chndarians and echinoderms

dig - same

repro - dioecious, nauplis and cyprid

thoracopods as cirri

reduced abdomen 

very strange body shape, male/female distinctly different

male - sac of gonads with 1st ant

female - no 1st or 2nd ant, no eyes, carapace, no CaCO3

thorax - 6 segments usually with cirri

hab - bore into limestone

dig - male=none, female=filter feed

repro - dioecious, nauplis and cyprid larva

eco - minor group

head - 1st and 2nd ant absent, small naupliar eye, carapace with CaCO3 plates

thorax - 6 segments with very long cirri

hab - attached to something

dig - filter feed

repro - monoecious, nauplius with horns, cyprid

eco - rocky intertidal (barnacle zone), food for others

gooseneck barnacles

peduncle, sectum, tergum, carina

sectum+tergum = capitulum

famous for attaching to floating debris

also epizooic

acorn barnacles

carina, terga, scuta, rostrum

boat bottoms and epizooic

anything belonging to a crustacean is absent

interna & externa

interna - filaments

externa - gonads

hab/dig - parasitic in decapods

males are only around for repro

repro - dioecious, nauplis larva with horns, cyprid

female cyprid - infects host

male cyprid - fertilization of externa

eco - blue crabs made famous

head - all appendages usually present

thorax - 8 segments, female gonopore 6th seg, male gonopore 8th seg, appendages present and often specialized

abdomen - 6-7 seg, various appendages or none, telson is present 

body - head - bivalve carapace, adductor muscle, hidged rostrum; thorax - 8 pairs biramous thoracopods; abdomen - 7 segments, 4 pairs biramous pleopods, 2 pairs uniramous pleopods, no uropods

hab - epibenthic

dig - particulate

repro - dioecious, hatch as manca stage larga (very advanced), go through earlier stages inside egg

eco - probably not very important 

mantis shrimp

5-55cm

carapace covers head and first 4 seg of thorax

well-developed compound eyes - 12 color 4 UV receptors, overlapping 3D vision

thorax - 5 pairs subchelate maxillipeds (1-5), 2nd pair is large (spear or smash), 3 pairs biramous pereopods (6-8)

abdomen - 5 pairs biramous pleopods with gills (1-5), 2 uropods (seg 6)

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Stomatopoda

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic, often burrow

dig - very active carni

repro - dioecious, hatch as antizoea (no pleopods) or pseudozoea (start of pleopods)

eco - benthic predators and commercial (food/pet)

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Tanaidacea

Body

carapace - head segments 1&2

reduced eyes

1 pair maxillipeds - head1

7 pairs pereopods (T2-8) - uni or biramous - 1st set are large

0-5 biramous pleopods (A1-6)

2 thin uropods (A6)

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Tanaidacea

habitat

digestion

reproduction

ecology

hab - sand, tubes

dig - deposit feeders

repro - dioecious, hatches as manca (missing last set of preopods)

eco - not important

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Cumacea

Body plan

carapace - HT1-3 - greatly inflated

reduced eyes

3 pairs maxillipdes - T1-3

5 pairs perepods - T4-8 - bi or uniramous

female - no appendages on abdomen

males - 1-5 appendages on abdomen

uropods - 2 long slender - A6

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Cumacea

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - sand, swarm at night

dig - deposit

repro - dioecious, hatch as manca

eco - numerous enough for food web

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Amphipoda

Body Plan

compressed side to side, kind of curved

eyes - various forms

no carapace

1 pair maxillipeds - T1

7 pairs uniramous preopods - T2-8 - 1&2 subchelate - males are enlarged

5 pairs pleoples - A1-5 - biramous

2 slender uropods - A6

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Amphipoda

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - planktonic or benthic

dig - all feeding types

repro - dioecious, hatch as small adults

eco - food web

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Amphipoda

Suborders

Gammaridea - classic version, beach hoppers, benthic

Hyperiidea - planktonic, quick swimmers, look like bumblebee

Caprellidea - modified abdomen, reduced set of appendages, skeleton shrimp

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Isopoda

Body Plan

large eyes

no carapace

1 pair maxillipeds - T1

6-7 pairs preopods T2-7/8 - first 3 may be subchelate or variation of

5 pairs pleopods usually present - A1-5 - used for respiration

uropods may be present

flat dorsal/ventral

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Isopoda

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic and parasitic on fish

dig - all feeding types

repro - dioecious, hatch as manca

eco - food web

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Mysidarea

Body plan

carapace - H-T8 but only attached to T4

1-2 pairs maxillipeds - T1-2

6-7 pairs biramous preopods - T3-8

Oostegites - females have - T6-8 - holds egg pouch

usually lacking gills

pleopods variable on abdomen

very large uropods - have statocyst

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Mysidarea

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - planktonic, usually school

dig - filterfeed, basket with preopods

repro - dioecious, leave pouch as small adult

eco - food web, big chunk

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Euphausiacea

Body plan

krill

crapace - H-T8 - but only comes half way down so bottom is exposed 

biramous preopods - T1-8 - gills at base

5 pairs pleopods - A1-5

well developed uropods A6

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Euphausiacea

Habitat

digestion

reproduction

ecology

hab - planktonic

dig - filter feed, basket

repro - dioecious, nauplus --> furcilio

eco - food web for large consumers 

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

basic body plan and reproduction

carapace H-T8

3 sets maxillipeds - T1-3

5 pairs uniramous preopods - unique combinations - T4-8

5 pairs biramous pleopods, sometimes absent - A1-5

large uropods - A6

Reproduction - dioecious 

has dendobranchiate gills

and that's all we care about

thin carapace

1-3 chelate preopods - T4-6 - small

overlapping abdomen segments like roof shingles

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

Infraorder Penaeidea

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic, sand

dig - large particles, almost anything

repro - nauplis --> zoea --> mysis

eco - food web, commercial fishing, aquaculture

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

body plan

banded coral shrimp

carapace is thorny 

3 chelate preopods - T4-6 - 6 is super big

2 uramous preopods - T7-8

5 pleopods - A1-6

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

Habitat 

Digestion

reproduction

ecology

hab - benthic reef

dig - particulate, cleaners

repro - pair bonds, zoea larva

eco - minor part web, cleaning stations, aquarium trade

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Caridea

Body Plan

grass shrimp

thin carapace

2 chelate preopods - T4-5, 3 uniramous preopods- T6-8

full complement of pleopods - A1-5

2nd segment of abdomen is larger than 1 and 3, overlaps, looks like bump

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Caridea

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic and planktonic

dig - varies

repro - zoea --> mysis

eco - food web, commercial, aquarium, freshwater prawn Macrobranchium

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Astacidea

Body plan

clawed lobster/crayfish

thick carapace

3 chelate claws - T4-6, first is super big, can be different on either side of body, other two are smaller

abdomen has full complement of pleopods

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Astacidea

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic - rock lobster!

dig - predators and scavengers

repro - mysis larva

eco - food web, commercial harvest, pigments

Hommarus americanus - maine lobster

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Palinura

Body plan

spiny/slipper lobster

antennae - calcified, come in two forms - long or round

no rostrum

thorax has varied combination of chelate preopod

full complement of pleopods on abdomen

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Palinura

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic

dig - predators and scavengers

repro - phyllosoma larva - very large, leaf-like, plat, thin

eco - food web, sport and commercial harvest

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Anomura

Body plan

strange crab

eye between 1st and 2nd antennae

5 pairs preopods - T4-8 - 1st often chelate, seg T8 is very short

highly variable pleopods

abdomen can curl under slightly

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Anomura

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - benthic

dig - all feeding types

repro - zoea and megalops larva

eco - food web, commercial - pet trade, king crab

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Thalassinidea

Body plan

mud shrimp

thin carapace

eye between 1st and 2nd antennae

5 pairs preopods - T4-8 - 1st set chelate and large - 2nd chelate and small - last is reduced in size

5 pairs pleopods

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Thalassinidea

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology

hab - sand/mud burrow elaborate

dig - scavenger

repro - zoea and megalops larva

eco - near shore food web, commercial bait

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Brachyura

Body plan

2-200mm carapace

normal crabs

eyes on outside of antennae

5 pairs preopods - T4-8 - 1st large and chelate - last can be modified in swimming crabs

abdomen - females usually have all sets of pleopods to help hold eggs

males have fewer than 5 pleoplds, usually 1 or 2

no uropods

abdomen is held tightly under the thorax/head

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocymata

Infraorder Brachyura

Habitat

Digestion

Reproduction

Ecology 

hab - benthic, some can swim

dig - all feeding types

repro - zoea and megalops

eco - food web, commercial harvest