Phylum Rotifera

Body

100um-2mm

corona - wheel organ, long flat ring of cilia

mastax - set of jaws

toes

thick cuticle

circ and long muscles

Phylum Rotifera

habitat

digestion

circulation

excretion

respiration

nervous

ecology

hab - plankton, toes grab

dig - complete, all types

circ - none

excret - protonephridia

resp - diffusion

nervous - ganglia, nerve web, bristles, ocelli

eco - minor part of web

Phylum Rotifera

Reproduction

amictic females

- parthenogensis into more females

sexual cycles with mictic males

- can alternate with amictic

-females produce eggs and eggs either stay as 1N eggs or grow into 1N males

-males fertilize the eggs

Phylum Acanthocephala

Body plan

5-200mm

spiny proboscis - bunch of hooks

trunk

lacunar canal system - aids in moving fluids around inside the body

Phylum Acanthocephala

habitat

circulation

digestion

excretion

respiration

nervous

ecology

hab - parasite inside verts intestines

circ/dig/excret/resp - diffusion across trunk

nervous - ganglia and nerve web

eco - closely related to rotifers and not sure

Phylum Acanthocephala

Reproduction

dioecious

acanthor larva --> crustacean

cystacanth in crustacean

something eats crustacean and develops into adult

Phylum Cycliophora

Body plan

350-500um

buccal funnel

trunk

adhesive disk

hab - epizoic on lobster mouth parts

dig - u-shaped gut, small particles

circ - none

excret - diffusion

resp - diffusion

nerv - ganglia

eco - usless

bio - degeneration cycle

Phylum Cycliophora

Reproduction

asexual cycle - pandora larva

male and female buds

- after there's a bunch of asexual feeding stages on a lobster

-females stay inside of asexual stage

-males buds are released from the asexual stage

-attach to individual who has female bud inside

-fertilization takes place when female releases gametes

-forms chordoid larva, which settles on new lobsters

Phylum Sipuncula

Body Plan

500mm-1m

introvert - tentacles on top

trunk

caudal shield in some (thickened portion at the back end)

long and circ muscles 

retactor muscle for the introvert

large coelom

thin cuticle - molts 

hab - benthic, specialized, sand, coral, wood, shells

dig - complete, u-gut, deposit feed

circ - none

excret - metanephridia, urn cells collect waste inside coelom

resp - diffusion, coelom has hemerythrocytes

nerv - dorsal ganglia, ventral cord, ciliated pits, nuchal organ (chemo), ocelli

eco - minor part of web

defense - pulls introvert and tentacles inside

Phylum Spincula 

Reproduction

dioecious

trochophore 

pelage sphera

Phylum Echiura

Body plan

1-50cm

probscis - spoon shapped

trunk

two small sets of setae

no seqments

long, circ, oblique muscles

large coelom

thin cuticle 

hab - benthic, variety

dig - complete, deposit

circ - closed, no heart

excret - metanephridia, 2 anal sacs

resp - diffusion, coelom with hemerythrocytes

repro - dioecious, trochophore

nervous - dorsal ganglia, ventral cord, papillae

eco - minor part of food web, symbiosis within burrows

Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

body plan

few mm - 1m

errant - run around

-setae

-parapodia - notopodium, setae, neuropodium

-prostomium and peristomium

tubed

-tube is soft or hard

have narrow body inside that is setae

-gills up top

-tentacles vary in form

hab - all, sand/mud common

dig - complete, carn or part

circ - closed or none, no heart

excret - metanephridia in each segment

resp - parapodia or gills

nervous - ganglia, ventral cord, tentacles, ocelli, palps

eco - sand/mud, good at regeneration

Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

reproduction

dioecious

trochophore --> metatrochophore

-adds segments, also develop setae

epitoke formation in some

-part of the body devoted just to reproduction, often times spawn by breaking off

planktonic spawning - one species emits a bioluminescence flash to alert presence of eggs 

Phylum Mollusca

Body plan

foot - set of muscles

mantle - cover body, shell of CaCO3, sensory (chemo, light)

radula - set of teeth

coelom - reduced around heart

mantle cavity - space created by folds, open to water, contains gills, surrounds most organs

Phylum Mollusca

Class Monoplacophora

Body

Habitat

Digestion

Circulatory

Excretion 

Respiration

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

body - 1-400mm, 1 oval shell, large foot, 8 pairs retactor muscles, mantle cavity is grooves around foot

hab - 2000-7000m, rock

dig - complete, radula, crystalline style, feeding?

circ - open, arteries carry blood to organs, sinuses collect blood and send back to heart, heart is functional - 4 auricles and 2 ventricles

excret - 6 pairs metanephridia

resp - 6 pairs monopectinate gills, look like ctens

repro - dioecious, trochophore larva

nervous - standard

eco - not really sure, long fossil record

ganglia

4 cords

-2 viscreal - go to gut

-2 pedal - go to foot

body - 3-400mm, 8 plates, girdle, foot (4 pairs retractor), mantle cavity around foot

hab - shallow rock subtidal

dig - complete, radula, no crystalline style, herb

circ - open, heart, 2 auricles, 1 ventricle

excret - 1 pair metanephridia

resp - bipectate gills, 60 or more pairs

nerv - typical, esthetes pits in plates

eco - rocky areas 

body - worm shapped, groove along midline, no plates, 1-300mm, spicules, groove is foot

hab - sand or soft corals and hydroids

dig - complete, carnivores

circ - open, heart, 2 auricles 2 ventricle

excret - diffusion

resp - diffusion or bipectate gills

repro - dioecious, trochopore larvae

nervous - typical

eco - not sure 

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Body Plan

2mm-1m

2 shells - equal or unequal in size

- periostracum - outside protein layer

-prismatic layer of CaCO3

some with nacreous layer

-held together by hinge - protein

-adductor muscle to close shell

foot

mantle - may form siphon

umbo

pallialline - where the mantle attaches to shell

inside dosal to ventral - heart cavity, body, gills, mantle, foot

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Habitat

mud/sand - clams

attached to surface - muscles/oysters

epibenthic - scallops

bore - wood and coral

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Digestion

complete

no radula

style present

digestive glands present

feeding based on gills and palps

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

feeding types

deposit - protobranch gills and large palps

filter - lamellibranch gills and small palps

carnivore - septibranch gills and small palps

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Circulation

Excretion

Respiration 

Reproduction

Nervous

Ecology

circ - open, heart 2 auricles 1 ventracle, end of digestive system

excret - 1 pair metanephridia

resp - ctenidia (gills), mantle tissue, different structures

repro - most dioecious, some mono, trochophore and veliger

nervous - typical, mantle edge with chemo, tentacles, eyes, statocysts, scallops have lens

eco - food web, bioturbation, habitat, commercial

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

different types of gills

protobranch - main axis gill fillament, relatively short, side fillaments are flat plate shaped with little surface area

lamellibranch - long, cover most of body, side filaments are folded, lots of surface area, used for feeding

septibranch - little shelves act as diaphram, moves, causing water to move, enormous siphons to suck in prey 

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Subclass Protobranchia

small group

protobranch gills 

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Subclass Pteriomorpha

lamellibranch gills

byssal thread and/or cement glands

straight hinge

many small similar teeth

anterior adductor muscle reduced or absent

so siphons

often with nacre layer 

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalva

Subclass Heterodonta

lamellibranch gills

no byssal threads or cement glands

curved hinge line

few large, dissimilar teeth

most with siphons

anterior and posterior adductor muscles

usually not thick nacre layer

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalvia

Subclass Anomalodesmata

no hinge teeth

lamellibranch or septibranch gills

carnivores 

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Body Plan

habitat

2-500mm

one shell or no shells

torsion and usually right side reduction of organs

sinstral and dextral spirals to the shells

parts - apex, spire, body whorl, aperture, operculum, columella

habitat - everywhere at class level, marine, fresh, land

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Order Patellagastropoda

body plan

habitat

digestion

circulation

excretion

respiration

reproduction

nervous

ecology

body - 1 conical shell with no spire

hab - benthic, rock

dig - complete, radula, no style, digestive glands, herb

circ - open, heart 1 auricle 1 ventricle

excret - 2 metanephridia

resp - 1 bipectinate gill, 2nd gills, no gills

repro - dioecious, trochophore and veliger

nervous - typical, eyes, tentacles, statocyst

eco - rocky intertidal

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Order Vetigastropoda

body plan

habitat

digestion

circulatory

excretion

respiration

reproduction 

nervous

ecology

body - 1 shell, spiral

hab - all substrates, variety of depths

dig - complete, radula, style present, digestive glands, herb

circ - open, heart 2 auricles 1 ventricle

excret - 2 metanephridia

resp - 2 bipectinate gills

repro - dioecious, trochophore and veliger

nerv - typical, eyes, tentacles, statocyst, 2 osphradia

eco - locally important, some pet trade, market, food

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Order Caenogastropoda

body plan

habitat

digestive

circulation

excretion

respiration

reproduction

nervous

ecology

body - single shell, spiral

hab - all including plankton

dig - complete, radula, style, digestive gland, all types

circ - open, heart 1 auricle 1 ventricle

excret - 1 metanephridia

resp - 1 monopectinate gill

repro - dioecious, trochophore and veliger, egg cases

nerv - typical, eyes, 2 tentacles, statocyst, one osphridium

eco - major part of web, commerical, shell market

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Order Caenogastropoda

special ones

cone shells - radula is modified into a poisonous harpoon

worm shells - amorphous tubes, colonial, reefs

heteropods - swim in plankton, really tiny shells, eyeballs, foot is a fin that swims, pretty good size

drills - bore into other mollusks, predators 

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Order Heterobranchia

body plan

habitat

digestion

circulation

excretion

respiration 

reproduction

nervous

ecology

body - one shell or none

hab - all

dig - complete, radula, style, digestive gland, all types

circ - open, heart 1 auricle 1 ventricle

excret - 1 metanephridia

resp - reduced or no gills, 2nd gills, cerata

repro - moneciuos, trochophore in egg case, veliger free

nerv - typical, eyes, tentacles, statocyst, 0-1 osphradium

eco - somewhat important in food web

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

body

foot --> arms

mantle still preforms basic functions, folded into siphon at one section that works as water jet

beak and radula - poison gland

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Nautiloidea

Order Nautilida

body

1 external shell - chambered into septa

siphuncle - srip of tissue that runs through hole - gas exchange

animal exists in outer chamber

80-100 arms

no suckers or hoots

no ink sac

no chromatophores

hab - tropical pacific, 100m or greater

dig - complete, scavenger or carnivores

circ - closed, systematic heart, 2 pairs of auricles1 ventricle, branchial heart - one for each set of gills

excret - 2 pairs metanephridia

resp - 2 pairs gills, each pair has own branchial heart

repro - dioecious, direct, 12-15 eggs on bottom, multi-year repro

nerv - brain, 2 stellate ganglia (accessory processing center), 2 major nerve cords, eyes without lens, statocysts, 1 osphradium

eco - living fossil

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida

body

internal support or no support structure

no outter shell 

chromatophores - nervous system control, pigment expand or contract

ink sacs

many have photophores

few mm-30+m

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida

digestion

circulation

excretion

resipration

nervous

ecology

dig - complete, carnivores

circ - closed, systematic heart 2 auricles 1 ventricle, branchial heart 1 per gill

excret - 1 pair metanephridia, reside in large sac

resp - 1 pair gills, 1 one each side of body

nerv - brain, stellate ganglia, 2 major nerve cords (one from each stellate ganglia), eyes eith lens, statocyst, no osphradium

eco - middle-upper food web, commercial, bio-model, invert records - fastest smartest largest

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida

reproduction

dioecious, direct, eggs sacs on bottom

most mate and die

male - hetctotylus arm - special section with suckers to hand female sperm packet

mating displays - extensive

cuttlefish and squid - no parental care

octopus - female forms den, stops eating, controlled by hormonal gland

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida

Order Sepioida

body

habitat

body - internal structure of CaCO3, 8 arms, suckers with rings, hooks, 2 tentacles, suckers, wider than long

hab - nektonic, hover

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida

Order Teuthioda

body

habitat

body - internal pen, 8 arms (suckers, rings, hooks), 2 tentacles (suckers), fins, narrow and long 

hab - nektonic, form schools, move a lot

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida 

Order Octopoda

body

habitat

body - no internal support, 8 arms (suckers only), no fins, no tentacles

habitat - benthic, can swim but doesn't for long distances

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Subclass Coleoida

Order Vampyromorpha

body

habitat

vampire squid from hell

body - internal pen, 8 arms (connected by webbing, no suckers, hooks), 2 fillaments (tentacles? no suckers), fins (very active)

habitat - nektonic, deep water