Term
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Definition
period of time between nuclear divisons
G1, S, G2 phases |
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Term
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Definition
part of interphase
growth and reproduction of organelles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell growth, protein synthesis, centriole replication |
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Term
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Definition
"colored material"
uncoiled DNA in nucleus during normal cell activity |
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Term
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Definition
"colored bodies"
rod shaped structures of DNA present in cell during division |
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Term
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Definition
| two identical strands of DNA which form a chromosome after DNA replication and separation |
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Term
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Definition
number of chromosomes in egg/sperm
1/2 the normal number or diploid number
23 in humans |
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Term
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Definition
having two sets of homologous chromosomes
number of chromosomes in regular cells (46) |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes identical in size shape and have same genes.
humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes condense from chromatin and nuclear membrane dissappears |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes line up along cells equator |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids on each chromosome separate and begin to move towards the poles of the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, begin to unwind, and assume form of chromatin |
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Term
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Definition
division of cytoplasm (not part of mitosis)
cell divides in half |
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Term
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Definition
| separates homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| separates chromatid pairs which then differentiate into haploid eggs/sperm |
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Term
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Definition
homologous chromosomes form pairs in synapsis
allows for crossover-exchange of sections of chromatids making sister chromatids not identical
nuclear envelope disappears and spindle forms |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes pair along the equatorial plane of cell so each homologue is on opposite side of the plane |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes separate and are drawn to opposite poles of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
homologous chromosomes reach opposite poles of cell and cytokinesis occurs.
resulting cells each have haploid number still |
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Term
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Definition
heritable feature of an organism that varies among individuals
(flower color or freckles) |
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Term
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Definition
variety or state of a character. something specific in a variation
White flower or no freckles |
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Term
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Definition
variety or state of a character. something specific in a variation
White flower or no freckles |
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Term
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Definition
variety or state of a character. something specific in a variation
White flower or no freckles |
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Term
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Definition
functional unit of heredity
particular location of the chromosome where the nucleotide sequence determines the trait |
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Term
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Definition
alternative form of a gene that occurs at the same location on a specific gene
(blood type has three alleles, A, B, and O) |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual alleles present for a given gene on a homologous chromosome. expressed in letters |
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Term
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Definition
| the outward expression of a genotype, what a trait looks like physically |
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Term
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Definition
| genotype with same alleles for a gene on homologous chromosomes (AA, BB) |
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Term
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Definition
| genotype with different alleles fora gene on homologous chromosomes (AB, AO, BO) |
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Term
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Definition
| allele expressed in a phenotype when the genotype is heterozygous |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenotype is not expressed unless the genotype is homologous for the recessive allele |
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Term
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Definition
| where neither allele is dominant, but a mixture of the phenotypes is expressed |
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Term
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Definition
3 parts: head, midpiece, tail
the head is the body of the cell
tipped with acrosome-used to dissolve the zona pellucida |
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Term
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Definition
| granular enzymes used to dissolve zona pellucida |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounding of the secondary oocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| contains mitochondria for energy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
male copulatory organ with tissue for engorgement with blood
2 corpora cavernosa, and corpora spongiosum |
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Term
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Definition
| erectile tissue that runs the length of the penis and dorsal to urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| along the length of the penis beneath the corpora cavernosa |
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Term
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Definition
contains series of lobules that contain seminiferous tubules
lumen of tubules are lined with seminiferous epithelium
has interstitial cells for testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
external sac and smooth muscle that contain testes
muscles raise and lower to control temperature |
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Term
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Definition
primary reproductive organ
produces sperm and hormones |
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Term
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Definition
series of convoluted ducts in a comma shape on the posterior of each surface
spermatids differentiate into sperm and are stored here |
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Term
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Definition
connect epididymis with ejaculatory ducts
stores sperm and conducts sperm during ejaculation |
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Term
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Definition
short ducts by merging of ducts from seminal vesicles and vas/ductus deferens
conducts sperm to urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| large tube connecting urinary bladder with distal end of penis. conducts sperm and urine |
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Term
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Definition
| sac like glands~5cm long. ducts empty into ductus deferens. produces 60% of seminal volume |
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Term
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Definition
gland that surrounds urethra where it exits bladder
30% seminal volume |
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Term
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Definition
pair of small glands located laterally on urethra posterior to prostate
produce alkaline mucus which lubricates head of penis |
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Term
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Definition
| male copulatory organ which transfers sperm into vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| structure composed of the primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of squamous cells |
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Term
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Definition
larger than primordial follicles and primary oocytes.
surrounded by several layers of cuboidal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| follicles that develop fluid filled cavity called antrum that surrounds secondary oocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid filled cavity around secondary oocye |
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Term
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Definition
large follicles with well developed antrum
granulosa cells surround the outside of the atrum
secondary oocyte is on one side surrounded by several layers |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that surround outside of antrum |
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Term
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Definition
| glycoprotein gelatinous covering of oocye |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of cells that surrounds the zona pellucida on the inside of the antrum |
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Term
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Definition
| glandular tissue that develops from mature follicle after ovulation of secondary oocyte |
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Term
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Definition
these are the primary reproductive organs of females
located on posterior wall of female body cavity in superior pelvic region
contains ovarian follicles that produce secondary oocytes and hormones like estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
small ducts that open into the body cavity near each of the ovaries.
secondary oocye/zygote travels from ovaries through tubes to uterus. fertilization occurs here usually |
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Term
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Definition
uterine tubes widen into funnel shaped structure that opens into body cavity next to ovary.
has long thin feather like projections called fimbriae. facilitate movement of secondary oocyte into uterine tubes |
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Term
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Definition
this muscular organ that lies in the abdomen between ovaries and vagina
positioned behind the bladder and in front of the rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost layer of uterus and is serves as location for fetal development |
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Term
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Definition
| structure is inferior part of uterus, right above vagina |
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Term
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Definition
tube that extends from uterus to outside of female's body.
receives males penis during copulation and for the child during birth |
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Term
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Definition
| multipart external genitalia-mons pubis, labia minora, labia majora, clitoris |
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Term
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Definition
| pad of fatty tissue that is superior to pubic symphysis. serves to cushion the pubic symphysis during intercourse |
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Term
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Definition
pair of thick folds of skin on either side of the vaginal opening
partially protect the vaginal opening and are involved in sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| pair of smaller folds of skin that are beneath the labia majora and surround urethral and vaginal openings |
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Term
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Definition
| small projection located between the labia majora just below mons pubis. homologous to glans penis |
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Term
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Definition
initial period of embryo growth
all organ systems have been rudimentally developed after first trimester:cleavage, implantation, placentation, and embryogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| first trimester. process where zygote divides into blastomers and forms a morula. this goes down to the uterus and forms a blastocyst |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary oocyte that has been fertilized |
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Term
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Definition
| subdivisions of the cytoplasm of the zygote after multiple subdivisions |
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Term
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Definition
| solid ball of blastomeres |
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Term
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Definition
hollow ball of cells developed from morula
outer layer develops to the placenta
inner layer develops into the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
when the blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium of the uterus.
outer cell layer becomes associated with maternal circulatory system
inner cell layer detaches from outer cell, creating teh amniotic cavity
blastocyst becomes a gastrula. then ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm froms, creating the embryonic disk |
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Term
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Definition
| cavity between the outer cell layer and the inner cell layer of the blastocyst |
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Term
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Definition
| the blastocyst becomes this after a thrid cell layer develops |
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Term
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Definition
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
these then develop into the four extraembryonic membranes that support and protect the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
these then develop into the four extraembryonic membranes that support and protect the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
a pouch formed from the endoderm and the mesoderm
initial site form blood cell formation |
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Term
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Definition
membrane formed by ectoderm and mesoderm, lining the inner surface of the amniotic cavity
contains amniotic fluid, for embryonic protection |
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Term
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Definition
membrane formed from the endoderm and mesoderm
gives rise to the urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
membrane formed from mesoderm and outer cell layer of blastocyst
differentiates into fetal placenta |
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Term
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Definition
development and differentiation of fetal and maternal portions of placenta
chorion develops chorionic villi
placenta creates a bulge called endometrium
blood form ruptured maternal vessels leaks through small chambers in placenta called lacunae, facilitating gas and nutrient exchange
as embryo grows, it moves away from endometrium but is always connected by umbilical cord |
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Term
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Definition
| finger like projections on the chorion to contact the endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
differentiation of the body of embryo and development of organ systems
embryo emerges from the embryonic disk and develops into a bulge that has head and tail folds |
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Term
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Definition
| fetus gains weight and organ systems continue to develop |
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