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| The number, size, & shape of chromosomes characteristic of a species |
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| The linear arrangement of DNA & protein in eukaryote cell nuclei which contains the genes |
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One set of chromosomes; IN DIPLOID.
Two sets of chromosomes; 2N |
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| A chromosome that does not determines the sex of the individual. In the human, this is all of chromosomes type 1 through type 22 |
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| A chromosome that determines the sex of the individual. In the human, this is chromosome type 23. There are two subtypes of type 23, an X and a Y chromosome. If the diploid individual has two Xs (is XX) they are female. If the diploid individual has one X & one Y, they are male. |
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| In geometry, it means a point, like the period at the end of this sentence. In genetics, it means a point or location on a chromosome and generally infers the location of gene. |
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| A functional unit of DNA that codes for the production of. specific polypeptide or a specific protein. The protein thus produced in turn causes a particular trait (e.g. eye color) |
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| . One of two or more forms of. given gene. For example, the gene for eye color has a form that causes blue-eyes and another that causes brown. That is, there is a blue and brown allele for the eye color gene. |
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| When genes are physically connected together, as the genes on the Y chromosome. These linked genes will be passed on together from mother cell to daughter cell because they are on the same chromosome. The closer together two genes are on a single chromosome, the less chance that they will be separated by crossing over (see below) and therefore the more closely they are linked. |
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| The exact allelic complement of a person for a trait or a small group of traits (e.g. eye color, hair color). |
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| That which is expressed as a result of ones genotype. This can be a visible feature but can also be biochemical. |
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| An allele which, if present, will always be expressed in the phenotype. |
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| An allele which is expressed only if present in two copies |
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| Co-dominant (aka incomplete dominant) |
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An allele which expresses itself whenever present, but the phenotype of the individual will show the effect of other alleles of that gene if they also
occur in the individual. |
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