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A common categorization scheme for processors used in IS that categorizes processors according to their power |
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programmable chips that are built into products to make them "smart" like other processors, updating their operating system and application software is easy. unlike other processors, however, businesses may design and make embedded processors to order. |
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digital signal processors DSPs |
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special microprocessors that include more math-related functions in their instruction set than the typical processor can also process snals in real time perfect for applications that cannot tolerate any delays, such as cell phones |
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Relative Processing Power: Largest & Fastest Purpose: Performs extremely processor intensive computations using parallel processing. Example: Volvo Var Corporation uses these for vehicle crash-test simulations |
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Relative Processing Power: Large Purpose: Carries out many of the organizational processing needs using high-speed processing chips and large amounts of memory. Example: Saks Inc. uses this to support e-procurement |
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Relative Processing Power: Medium/Many Purpose: Allow multiple servers to handle network processing activities. Example: Google relies on it |
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Relative Processing Power: Small to Medium Purpose: Enables users to carry out processing tasks needed to perform their job; usually networked together |
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Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) |
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Relative Processing Power: Very Small Purpose: Provides users with portable computing power; often used to communicate with PC or other users |
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Relative Processing Power: Extremely Small Purpose: Embedded in appliances and products to provide a low-scale processing and/identification Example: Procter & Gamble incorporates these into packaging to monitor expiration dates |
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Supercomputer Mainframe Server Farms Personal Computer (PC) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Embedded Processors |
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Definition
In what order to the computer hierarchy go in?
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Software Perspective: This is a set of services for distributing private information throughout an organization. Hardware Perspective: A collection of private computer networks brought togeter to form an organization-wide, private network |
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Personal Area Network (PAN) -private- |
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Size: Covers a very small space that ranges from the size of a human body to a small office Purpose: Communication among computer devices in close proximity Examples: Allows your MP3 player to connect to a wireless headset, PDA to "sync" with your PC, and your car to respond to commands from a Bluetooth-Enabled cell phone. |
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Local Area Network (LAN) -private- |
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Size: Within the immediate location or building Purpose: Shares files, resources, servers, and other hardware among the members of an organization Examples: University computing labs, small office/household networks, wireless "hotspots" |
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) -private/public- |
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Size: Ranges in size from a few blocks to an entire urban area Purpose: Provides data and voice transmission typically at high speeds (~100 Mbps) Examples: Many city libraries use this to support centralized cataloging and searching of resources |
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Wide Area Network (WAN) -private/public- |
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Size: Over a large geographical area Purpose: Shares data, information, and resources among units of an organization distant from one another Examples: A Corporation may use this to link national and international locations |
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Size: Worldwide Purpose: Shares data and information with all stakeholders in the organization, as well as with the general public |
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| List the organizational networks in order from smallest to largest |
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| The intranet forms an organization-wide, private network ranging in size from ____ to ____ |
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| Intranets transmit data according to what protocols of the internet? |
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Employees can access intranet using a Macintosh, Windows, or any other PC platform. This is known as ________ which is usually not the case with traditional LANs and WANs. |
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| Operating Systems Software |
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Name the Type of Software Individual Use: To manage a single computer Organizational Use: To manage a mainframe with many users or a server farm |
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Name the Type of Software Individual Use: Personal productivity software, such as word processing or spreadsheets Organizational Use: Transaction processing, decision support, and organizational productivity software |
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Name the Type of Software Individual Use: To support communication between individuals, such as through e-mail or instant messaging Organizational Use: To enable members of the organization to share collaboration work electronically in a central repository |
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Database Management System (DBMS) |
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| A collection of software that allows users to create and work with a database |
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| Used to capture and store the knowledge of a human expert so that the organization can permanently store and share it |
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Collaborative Software AKA Groupware |
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Supports teamwork with technologies that enable communications and sharing of data and information Can be as simple communication tool such as e-mail |
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Communication tools Conferencing tools Collaborative Management tools |
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| What are the 3 levels of groupware? |
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Name the Type of Groupware (Groupware AKA Collabrative Software) These tools facilitate the sharing of information and data with tools that enable them to send messages, documents, files, and data between each other Examples: E-mail, Text Messaging, Voice Mail, and Web Publishing |
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Name the Type of Groupware (Groupware AKA Collabrative Software) Provides a more interactive facility for the sharing of information. At a minimum this tool can provide real-time text discussions and a common "whiteboard" that each participant can edit Can also enable voice and/or video using special equipment or over computer networks Some organizations build special facilities for the activity that these tools support
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| Collaborative Management Tools |
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Name the Type of Groupware (Groupware AKA Collabrative Software) Can help manage and facilitate the activites of a team. They include electronic calendars for scheduling events and automatically notifying participants. Shared workspaces can be provided in which to store and share work products that group members may modify. May overlap with project management systems to keep the group aware of a project's status. |
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Enterprise Resource Planning Software (ERP) |
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Another way to integrate the departments and functions across the organization With ________ a company runs all of its applications from a single database. Each functional unit of the company still uses it's own software applications, but this software links these applications, and ensures their compatibility, via common data storage. |
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Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) |
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| Enables transaction activities and captures the key data created by the transaction. |
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Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability |
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Characteristics known as ACID allow organizations to create systems that can handle large numbers of simultaneous transactions. What does ACID stand for? |
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| _________- A transaction must be unequivocally completed. If an error causes the transaction to fail, then the entire transaction to that point should be undone, and the data reset at its previous state |
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| _______- All unchanging properties of data must be preserved. This means that the data captured by the transaction must fit within the rules of data storage |
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| _______- Each transaction should execute independently of other transactions that may occur at the same time on the system |
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| _______- The effects of a completed transaction should be permanent |
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Functional Information Systems (FIS) |
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IS that focuses on the activities of the functional department to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. Common Types Include: Accounting IS, Marketing IS, Human Resource IS, Financial IS, and Manufacturing IS |
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Workflow Management System (WMS) AKA Business Process Management (BPM) |
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| This IS typically provides tools for modeling the steps of the process. It focuses on a business process from beginning to end and represents the steps, organizational resources, input and output data, and tools needed to complete a business process. |
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Data Sourcing Data Analysis Situation Awareness Risk Assessment Decision Support |
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| The 5 stages of Business Intelligence |
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Decision Support Systems (DSS) |
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| helps businesses use communications technologies, data organization and access, knowledge, and models to perform decision-making activities |
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Communication-Driven DSS Data-Driven DSS Document-Driven DSS Knowledge-Driven DSS Model-Driven DSS |
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Acquisition Leasing Building |
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| 3 Options for obtaining an IS |
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Acquisition of IS (Acquiring) |
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| When _____ an existing information system, an organization may still need to make adjustements. |
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Building of IS (Building) |
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| _________ an IS ensures the best matching of an IS with an organization's requirements, and is also the best option for obtaining a competitive advantage |
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| ________ an IS lowers costs, time, and makes the vendor responsible for maintenance and updates of the system |
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Name the Development Choice (IS) Advantages: Generally faster and less costly than building entire system from scratch Disadvantages: Little or no competitive advantage. May need to compromise on some features. Dependent on vendor for product updates |
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Name the Development Choice (IS) Advantages: Lowest cost and fastest to put in place. Vendors are in charge of maintenance and updates. Doesn't require in-house IS staff Disadvantages: No competitive advantage. No control over systems features. Dependence on vendor for entire system. Can get locked into undesirable contract |
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Name the Development Choice (IS) Advantages: Most likely to provide a competitive advantage. Retain complete control over system. Customization of system Disadvantages: Longest time and cost to put in place. Requires IS staff with time and development knowledge |
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| When a firm uses it's own staff to build an entirely new system |
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| When a firm hires another company to develop an entirely new system |
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| When a company hires another company to develop an entirely new system, and that company is primarily located in a foreign country |
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Who developed this system? Advantages: Firm retains complete control of the project. Process builds internal knowledge through learning and experience Disadvantages: Generally higher development time and costs. Distraction and involvement with other duties |
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Who developed this system? Advantages: High level of skill and expertise. Generally lower time and cost. Disadvantages: Firm loses some control. Firm loses opportunity to build experience. Requires good contracts and oversight |
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| Ability to ensure that the project goals correspond to the organization's business objectives. Needs to consider the strengths and weaknesses of both the business and the teams, identify opportunities and threats both internal and extrenal to the organization, understand the financial aspects of the project such as budget and the project's return on investment, and manage risks and planning needs |
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| Knowledge of methods and techniques to ensure delivery of the project on time and on budget, and ability to communicate project goals and requirements to the project team |
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| Typically, this group is part of the development team when the project team works as an outsources. This team is responsible for the sales and service of the project team. They provide the initial point of contact to the client as well as daily communication with the client. |
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| People who work in this group must provide a well-designed user interface. Many user interfaces include multimedia components that require special skills in the areas of art and design. |
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| This group creates the technical infrastructure of the system which can include the design and construction of the data architecture. It also includes the analysis and design of any software needed by the system |
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| This group handles unique aspects of the project |
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The first cycle model to gain wide acceptance among system developers A new phase begins only after acceptably completing the preceding phase If developers discover mistakes or other problems, they then cycle back, if possible, to a prior phase If things are done right in each phase, there will be little or no need to move back to a previous phase It is a document-driven process |
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Part of the Project Management Pyramid Identifying and Managing all the tasks required to complete a project |
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Part of the Project Management Pyramid Estimating the duration of the project, developing an acceptable schedule, and managing the project to ensure timely completion |
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Part of the Project Management Pyramid Preparing a budget and managing the costs of the project to stay within budget |
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Part of the Project Management Pyramid Ensuring that the finished project satsfies its defined goals |
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Project Scope Management Time Management Cost Management Quality Management |
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Parts of the Project Management Pyramid 4 Parts |
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