a monobactam w/ a stand alone beta-lactam ring.

active only versus G- aerobes

resists most beta-lactamases of G- organisms

Mechanism: binds to PCN-binding protein 3 (PBP3) of G- bacteria. --> long filamentous bacteria they eventually lyse

IV/IM, excreted unchanged in urine. Adjust dose for renal failure. Crosses inflammed meninges

IV for MRSA or nonresistant Staph if allergic to beta-lactams. (not a beta-lactam)

not absorbed orally but used for local pseudomembranous colitis.

Mechanism: binds and prevents D-ala terminus (Cidal machanism)

Side Effects: red man (red neck) syndrome after rapid IV (flushing of upper body, face, hypotension, tachycardia) - does this by histamine release

ototoxicity

nephrotoxicity

Bacitracin (Baciim)

Cidal vs various G+ cocci & bacilli

Nephrotoxic

Mechanism: a lipid carrier (bactoprenol) transports NAG/NAM complex outside of the cell. This carrier begins PO4ed and must become de-PO4ed to combine with NAM. Bacitracin complexes with the PO4 and therefore prevents de-PO4

(not a beta-lactam)

Uses: topical or minor cuts and scrapes

opthalmic ointment for ulcerative blepharitis & bacterial conjuntivitis due to G+/- bacteria (S. Auerus, Strep Pneumoniae, H Influenzae, Moraxella Catarrhalis)

nephrotoxic

short term uncomplicated UTIs in women

inhibits enolpyruvate transferase (blocks addition of phosphoenolpyruvate to UDP N-acetylglucosamine)

inhibits cell wall synthesis