Term
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Definition
| Prions are self-replicating proteins from our own bodies that cause TSE's. |
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Term
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Definition
| A native protein with correct folding. PrPc is on the membrane of nerve cells and immune cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| PrPsc is a prion with wrong folding. They are misfolded version of PrPc. |
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Term
| What happens when PrPsc's contact PrPc's? |
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Definition
| The PrPc's misfold into PrPsc's. |
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Term
| What is the order of prion propagation? |
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Definition
- Normal lymphoid or nerve cell has PrPc on it.
- Someone has eaten something with prions on it (PrPsc).
- Cell Phagolyses PrPc because it has PrPsc on it.
- Conversion takes place in the phagolysosome
- Cell becomes Prion factory, falls apart and spews prions out and the process repeats
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Term
| What are some TSE's in non-humans. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A slower acting prion diseae, cannibalism kept the disease in the Fore tribe. |
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Term
| What is the cause of genetic TSE's? |
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Definition
- Some alleles in PrPc can lead to misfolding.
- Different mutations on genes predispose people to spontaneous misfolding.
- It is Autosomal dominant
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Term
| What is the gene that codes for PrPc? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of non-genetic TSE's. |
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Definition
- Ingestion of contaminated food
- Kuru (cannibalism)
- vCJD (mad cow meat)
- Iatrogenic (acquired through a medical procedure)
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Term
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Definition
- Abnormal behavior
- Delirium
- Dementia
- Deteriorating motor control
- Memory loss
- Sensory loss
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Term
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Definition
- No treatment
- supportive only
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Term
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Definition
- No Vaccine
- Genetic
- counseling to families/potential parents
- deal with as found
- Non-genetic
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Term
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Definition
- Bacterial
- Family: Vibrionacae (Gram -)
- Faculative anaerobes
- Curviform
- Fresh or brackish (salty) water, oxygen poor water
- 1800s major outbreaks in America
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Term
| What is Cholera's Transmission in epidemics? |
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Definition
- Human feces or vomit that gets into drinking/cooking water supplies.
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Term
| What is cholera's transmission in isolated outbreaks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Cholera? |
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Definition
- Rice water stool
- dehydration
- thirst
- weakness
- tallow skin, sunken eyes
- muscle cramping
- Self limiting- once toxin is used up thats the end.
- Collapse of circulatory system > death
- Diarrhea persists until intestinal cells are replaced (takes weeks or months)
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Term
| Why isn't cholera an infection but rather an intoxication? |
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Definition
- Cholera cant survive in the gut for more than 24 hours. Cholera toxin leads to dehydration.
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Term
| What are the effects of Cholera Toxin (CT)? |
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Definition
| CT blocks absorption of salts and the salts concentrate in your gut, so water evacuates from the body into the gut due to diffusion gradients. |
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Term
| What are other products of the Cholera "Virulence Cassette" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- accesory cholera enterotoxin
- loosens tight junctions which makes gaps, thus more water rushes through
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Term
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Definition
- Zonula occidens toxin
- It augments CT effects
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Term
| What is the treatment of Cholera? |
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Definition
- Rehydration Therapy
- IV rehydration: water, glucose, salts
- Antibiotics for symptoms or to prevent transmission
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Term
| Cholera Prevention & Control |
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Definition
- Maintenance and monitoring of water, sewer supplies
- Personal Hygiene
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Term
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Definition
(Not avaliable in the U.S.)
- Dukoral (Sweden)
- ShanChol (India only)
- oral
- limited effectiveness (6 mo. - 2 yrs)
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Term
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Definition
- Bacterial
- Family: Campylobacteraceae (Gram -)
- Curviform
- Some are vibrio shaped, spirilla, spirochetes
- Environmental resevoir: birds/poultry, pets and livestock, water
- Most common cause of bacterial food poisoning.
- Antibody-resistant capsule/slime layer
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Term
| Campylobacter Transmission |
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Definition
- Meat (poultry)
- Water
- Milk
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Term
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Definition
- Range in severity
- CJT toxin has effects like CT toxin except milder
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal Pain
- Fever
- Headache
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Term
| Campylobacter Treatment, Prevention & Control |
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Definition
- Fluid and electrolyte replacement
- Antibiotics (in extreme cases)
- P&C: food safety
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Term
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Definition
- Bacterial
- Helicobacteraceae (Gram -)
- Curviform
- Adapted for stomach's low pH
- Acidophile
- Causes Gastritis and Ulcers
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Term
| Helicobacter Transmission |
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Definition
- Many healthy humans harbor this bacterium
- found in many animal species
- Possibly from
- water
- oral-oral
- fecal-oral
- zoonotic
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Term
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Definition
- Gastritis (acid reflux)
- stomach inflammation
- abdominal pain
- "burning" sensation
- Ulcers
- all of the above
- lesion in stomach or duodenum (major)
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Term
| Helicobacter Treatment, Prevention & Control |
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Definition
- Treatment is pincer attack
- acid-surpressors (palliative)
- antibiotics (clarithromycin, metronidazole)
- P&C: many different ideas
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