Term
| Information Technology (IT) |
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Definition
| Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization |
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Term
| Management information systems (MIS) |
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Definition
| the function that plans, for, develops, implements, and maintains IT hardware, software, and applications that people use to support the goals of an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event |
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Term
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Definition
| data converted into meaningful and useful context |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system |
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Term
| What are the 6 hardware components? |
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Definition
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Primary Storage
3. Secondary Storage
4. Input Devices
5. Output devices
6. Communication Devices |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual hardware that interprets and executes the software instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together |
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Term
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Definition
| The computer's main memory, which consists of the random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and the read-only memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit (CPU) |
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Term
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Definition
| Equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage |
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Term
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Definition
| equipment used to capture information and commands. Example: keyboard, scanner |
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Term
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Definition
| Equipment used to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of the information processing requests. Example: monitor, printer |
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Term
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Definition
| Equipment used to send information and receive it from one location to another |
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Term
| Random Access Memory (RAM) |
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Definition
| The computer's primary working memory in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU via the processor's high-speed external data bus |
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Term
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Definition
| The set of instructions that the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks |
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Term
| What helps determine the relative attractiveness of an industry? |
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Definition
| Porter's Five Forces Model |
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Term
| What are the components of Porter's Five Forces Model? |
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Definition
1. Buyer power
2. Supplier power
3. Threat of substitute products or services
4. Threat of new entrants
5. Rivalry among existing competitors |
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Term
| Business process reengineering (BPR) |
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Definition
| The analysis and redesign of work flow in and between enterprises |
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Term
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Definition
| Simulates human intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn |
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Term
| What are the four categories of AI systems? |
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Definition
1. Expert systems
2. Neural networks
3. Genetic algorithm
4. Intelligent agents |
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Term
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Definition
| Mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem. (used when there are thousands of decisions possible) |
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Term
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Definition
| A special-purpose, knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users |
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Term
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Definition
| Computerized advisory programs that initiate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Attempts to emulate the way the human brain works |
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Term
| Supervised machine learning |
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Definition
| Requires previous pattern to compare with |
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Term
| Unsupervised machine learning |
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Definition
| Can find things that are similar in data (doesn't need a pattern) |
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Term
| Internet service provider (ISP) |
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Definition
| A company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet along with additional related services, such as Web site building |
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Term
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Definition
| The buying and selling of goods over the Internet |
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Term
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Definition
| The conducting of business over the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners |
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Term
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Definition
| Scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password to decrypt the information |
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Term
| Public key encryption (PKE) |
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Definition
| An encryption system that uses 2 keys: a public key that everyone can see and a private key for only the recepient |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of giving someone permission to do or have something |
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Term
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Definition
| A method for confirming users identities |
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Term
| Enterprises can implement information security lines of defense through ________ first and __________ second. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Ethical computer use policy
2. Information privacy policy
3. Acceptable use policy
4. E-mail privacy policy
5. Internet use policy
6. Anti-spam policy |
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Term
| Decision support system (DSS) |
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Definition
| Models information to support managers and business professionals during the decision-making process |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of high-quality information? |
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Definition
1. Accurate
2. Completeness
3. Consistency
4. Uniqueness
5. Timeliness
6. Relevant |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains information about various types of objects, events, people, places, and transactions |
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Term
| Database management system (DBMS) |
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Definition
| Software through which users and application programs interact with a database |
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Term
| What is the primary task of a DBMS? |
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Definition
| To allow users to create, access, and use information stored in a database |
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Term
| What are the components of a DBMS? |
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Definition
1. Data definition
2. Data manipulation
3. Application generation and data administration |
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Term
| Data definition component |
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Definition
| Helps create and maintain the data dictionary and the structure of the database |
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Term
| Data manipulation component |
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Definition
| Allows users to create, read, update, and debate information in a database |
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Term
| Application generation component |
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Definition
| Includes tools for creating visually appealing and easy-to-use applications |
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Term
| Data administration component |
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Definition
| Provides tools for managing the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup, recovery, security, and performance |
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Term
| Relational database model |
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Definition
| A type of database model that stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables |
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Term
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Definition
| A row in a database table; associates a distinct name with each component |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of a heading and a body. A heading is a set of attributes; a body is a set of tuples |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics or properties of an entity class |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in database normalization; a relational database model that adheres to 1NFis one that meets a certain minimum set of criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| A table in 1NF must meet additional criteria to qualify for 2NF if, and only if, given any candidate key, the non-key attribute depends upon the whole of the candidate key rather than just a part of it |
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Term
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Definition
| A file that stores definitions of information types, identifies the primary and foreign keys, and maintains the relationship among the tables |
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Term
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Definition
| A field (or group of fields)that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table |
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Term
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Definition
| A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the 2 tables |
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Term
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Definition
| A logical collection of information--gathered from many different operational databases--that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of detecting and correcting (or removing) corrupt or inaccurate records from a record set, table, or database |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone |
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Term
| What are the types of data mining analysis? |
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Definition
1. Cluster analysis
2. Association detection (analysis)
3. Statistical analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible |
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Term
| Association detection (analysis) |
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Definition
| Reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information |
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Term
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Definition
| Analyzes such items such as Web sites and scanner information to detect customer's buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customer's choices of products and services. Example: placing beer and diapers near one another in a grocery store |
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Term
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Definition
| Performs such functions such as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis, just to name a few |
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Term
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Definition
| A computer network that provides data communication across the country or around the world (the Internet is a WAN that spans the world) |
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Term
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Definition
| A computer network that uses cable or radio signals to link 2 or more computers within a geographically limited area (a building, school, or home usually contains one LAN) |
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Term
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Definition
| The geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers in a network |
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Term
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Definition
| All devices are connected to a central cable, called a bus or backbone; relatively inexpensive and easy to install |
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Term
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Definition
| All devices are connected to a central device called a hub |
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Term
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Definition
| A devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly yo two other devices; relative expensive and difficult to install but can offer high bandwidth and can span large distances |
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Term
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Definition
| A standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission |
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Term
| Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) |
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Definition
| Provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private networks |
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Term
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Definition
1. Application
2. Transport
3. Internet
4. Network interface |
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Term
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Definition
7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data link
1. Physical |
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Term
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Definition
| A model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients |
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Term
| Network operating systems (NOS) |
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Definition
| The operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users |
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Term
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Definition
| An intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to sent it on and its direction |
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Term
| Radio frequency identification (RFID) |
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Definition
| Use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to unique identifiers |
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Term
| Supply chain management (SCM) |
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Definition
| Involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability |
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Term
| What are the four basic components of SCM? |
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Definition
1. Supply chin strategy
2. Supply china partners
3. Supply chain operation
4. Supply chain logistics |
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Term
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Definition
| When distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain |
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Term
| What factors drive the SCM? |
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Definition
| Visibility, consumer behavior, competition, and speed |
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Term
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Definition
| The average amount of inventory held to satisfy customer demands between inventory deliveries |
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Term
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Definition
| Extra inventory held in the event demand exceeds supply |
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Term
| Enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
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Definition
| Integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprisewide information on all business operations |
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Term
| What are the core ERP components? |
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Definition
1. Accounting and finance
2. Production and materials management
3. Human resources |
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Term
| What are the extended ERP components? |
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Definition
1. Business intelligence
2. CRM
3. SCM
4. e-business |
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Term
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Definition
| An IT-based set of tools that supports the work of teams by facilitating the sharing and flow of information |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing information assets in a way the provides context for effective decisions and actions |
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Term
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Definition
| The knowledge contained in people's heads |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of IT |
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Term
| Systems development life cycle (SDLC) |
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Definition
| The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance |
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Term
| What are the phases of the SDLC? |
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Definition
1. Planning
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Development
5. Testing
6. Implementation
7. Maintenance |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequential, activity-based process in which each phase in the SDLC is performed sequentially from planning through implementation and maintenance; the output of each phase becomes the input for the next phase |
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Term
| Extreme planning (XP) methodology |
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Definition
| Breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue onto the next phase until the first one is complete |
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Term
| Object-oriented development |
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Definition
| Emphasizes the benefits of modular and reusable computer code and modeling real-world objects |
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Term
| Implementation phase (of SDLC) |
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Definition
| Involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with the system |
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Term
| Parallel implementation method |
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Definition
| Using both the old and new systems until it is evident that the new system performs correctly |
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Term
| Phased implementation method |
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Definition
| Implementing the new system in phases until it is evident that the new system performs correctly and then implementing the remaining phase of the system |
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Term
| Cut over (plunge) implementation method |
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Definition
| Discarding the old system completely and immediately using the new system |
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Term
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Definition
| The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project |
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Term
| What are the three primary variables in any project? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A common approach using the profesional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain the organization's IT systems |
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Term
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Definition
| An arrangement by which the organization provides a service or services from another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house |
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Term
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Definition
| An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of proactive and ongoing identification analysis and response and risk factors |
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Term
| What are the elements of risk management? |
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Definition
1. Risk identification
2. Qualitative risk analysis
3. Quantitative risk analysis
4. Risk response planning |
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