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How long is Brie cheese aged for? |
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Definition
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How long is cheddar cheese aged for? |
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Definition
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How long is cottage cheese aged for? |
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Definition
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How long is mozzarella cheese aged for? |
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Definition
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How long is blue cheese aged for? |
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Definition
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Term
What are Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
1. The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease but not in healthy hosts.
2. The pathogen must be isolated in pure culture.
3. The same disease must result when a healthy host is infected with the pathogen.
4. The same pathogen must be isolated from the infected host.
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Term
Describe antibiotic resistance. |
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Definition
1. Genes for antibiotic resistance are often found on bacterial plasmids.
2. Bacteria may acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria.
3. Bacteria that produce the enzyme penicillinase can grow in the presence of penicillin. |
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Term
What is the pathogen that causes staphylococcal food intoxication? |
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Definition
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Definition
Able to survive under high pressure |
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Definition
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Definition
Able to survive in temperatures |
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Term
What kind of microbe is pepperoni sausage? |
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Definition
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Term
What kind of microbe is cheese? |
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Definition
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Term
What kind of microbe are mushrooms? |
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Definition
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What kind of microbe is pizza dough? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
How can you get salmonellosis? |
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Definition
Eating undercooked meats, and dairy products |
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Term
How can you get norovirus gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
fecal-oral transmission, or ingestion of food or water contaiminated with feces or vomit |
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Term
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Definition
undercooked meats, fruits and vegetables exposed to dirty water or fertilizers, water contaminated by animal waste, bacteria is present in the food |
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Term
How can you get botulism? |
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Definition
Found in unproperly sealed cans and bottles, and homemade foods |
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Term
How do you get hepatitis A? |
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Definition
contact with contaminated feces or food and water contaminated with feces. Or through sexual contact |
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Term
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Definition
if spores enter a wound that is deep enough to provide an anaerobic environment for their germination and growth of bacteria and toxin. seen in substance abuse users. |
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Term
How do you make sauerkraut? |
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Definition
1. The cabbage is placed in a sealed container which creates an anaerobic environment.
2. Salt is added to prevent the growth of molds and draw moisture out of the cabbage.
3. Halotolerant bacteria ferment sugars in the cabbage and produce acids. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Virus enter tissue cells.
2. Viruses replicate in cells.
3. Viruses have no cellular structure.
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Term
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Definition
genes obtained from the bacterium Bacillus thruingiensis are inserted into the cells of the plant. The plant then produces a protein that is toxic to insect larvae. Only use part of the bacterian not the whole thing |
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Term
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Definition
So that insect larvae feeding on the corn will die |
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Term
What is a mortality rate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
synthesis of mRNA from DNA template |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesis of protein from mRNA |
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Term
Describe honey pasteurization. |
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Definition
Hone pasteurization...
1. Reduces the number of microbes such as natural yeasts.
2. It is not sterile.
3. Increases shelf-life of honey. |
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Term
What are some characteristics of hard cheeses? |
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Definition
1. More acidic than soft cheese.
2. Lower water content. |
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Term
Botulism is a _______ intoxication. |
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Definition
Food intoxication,
have to ingest the toxin |
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Term
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Definition
Irish immigrant quiarantined for spreading typhoid fever |
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Term
What is a zoonotic disease and give an example. |
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Definition
a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Ex: ecoli |
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Term
What is added to sourdough bread and what does it produce? |
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Definition
Bacteria is added which produces acid. Acid makes it sour. |
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Term
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Definition
breaks down peptoglycagan |
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Term
What did Francesco Redi's experiment prove and what was the difference between the control and experimental flask? |
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Definition
Proved that maggots come from fly eggs, not my spontaneous generation from rotting meat. Difference was presence of flies. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
outbreak in one area (ex: influenza) |
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Definition
Outbreak in the whole world |
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Definition
always in the population (cold) |
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Term
Does Hepatitis A have a vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
How is salmonellosis cured? |
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Definition
Antibiotics or time, no vaccine |
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Term
Is a vaccine available for staphyloccal food intoxication? |
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Definition
No, antitoxin (post exposure) |
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Term
Is a vaccine available for botulism? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe infant botulism. |
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Definition
consumption of honey, may contain C. botulinum spores that can germinate in the infant's intestinal tract becasue the GI tract not fully colonized with normal microbes, and not fully developed. Bacteria then produce toxin. |
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Term
What does selective toxicity mean? |
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Definition
toxic to a characteristic found in the microbe cell that isn't in human cells. |
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Term
Growth of bacteria in beer is controlled by: |
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Definition
Alcohol content (prevents growth)
Addition of hops (adds activity) |
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Term
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Definition
protonsil red, a dye used to stain leather was non-toxic to animals but killed strepococci and staphylocci bacteria |
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Term
Potential Concerns Regarding Bt Corn |
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Definition
1. Eating foreign DNA
2. Deaath of harmless insect larvae
3. Allergies
4.Escape of genes into wild strains of plants
6. Contamination of organic crops
7. Homogeneity of crops
8. Patents on engineered seeds |
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Term
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Definition
1. Reduced use of pesticides
2. Reduced use of herbicides.
3.Cold tolerance
4. Nutrition
5.Potential for disease and drought resistant plants.
6. Cheaper to grow and cheaper to buy |
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Term
What is the incubation period? |
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Definition
time from infection until symptoms appear |
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Term
What is a healthy carrier? |
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Definition
a person without symptoms of the disease who is infectious |
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Term
What is a morbidity rate? |
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Definition
Number of people infected in population |
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Term
What is common source epidemic? |
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Definition
single contaminated source from which indiciduals are infected,
ex: contaminated water/food, botulism |
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Term
What is a propagated epidemic? |
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Definition
usually results from introduction of an infected individual into a susceptible population, pathogen transmitted from person to person. ex: the flu, colds, chicken pox |
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