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MIP149 Exam 2
N/A
59
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
10/14/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How long is Brie cheese aged for?
Definition
1-5 months
Term
How long is cheddar cheese aged for?
Definition
3-12 months
Term
How long is cottage cheese aged for?
Definition
Not aged
Term
How long is mozzarella cheese aged for?
Definition
not aged
Term
How long is blue cheese aged for?
Definition
mold ripened
Term
What are Koch's Postulates?
Definition

1. The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease but not in healthy hosts.

 

2. The pathogen must be isolated in pure culture.

 

3. The same disease must result when a healthy host is infected with the pathogen.

 

4. The same pathogen must be isolated from the infected host.

 

 

Term
Describe antibiotic resistance.
Definition

1. Genes for antibiotic resistance are often found on bacterial plasmids.

 

2. Bacteria may acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria.

 

3. Bacteria that produce the enzyme penicillinase can grow in the presence of penicillin.

Term
What is the pathogen that causes staphylococcal food intoxication?
Definition
halotolerant (salt)
Term
What is barotolerant?
Definition
Able to survive under high pressure
Term
What is acidotolerant?
Definition
Able to survive in acid
Term
What is thermophilic?
Definition
Able to survive in temperatures
Term
What kind of microbe is pepperoni sausage?
Definition
fermented bacteria
Term
What kind of microbe is cheese?
Definition
fermented milk
Term
What kind of microbe are mushrooms?
Definition
fungus
Term
What kind of microbe is pizza dough?
Definition
made with yeast (fungus)
Term
What composes RNA?
Definition

GUCA

GC-AU

Term
How can you get salmonellosis?
Definition
Eating undercooked meats, and dairy products
Term
How can you get norovirus gastroenteritis?
Definition
fecal-oral transmission, or ingestion of food or water contaiminated with feces or vomit
Term
How do you get Ecoli?
Definition
undercooked meats, fruits and vegetables exposed to dirty water or fertilizers, water contaminated by animal waste, bacteria is present in the food
Term
How can you get botulism?
Definition
Found in unproperly sealed cans and bottles, and homemade foods
Term
How do you get hepatitis A?
Definition
contact with contaminated feces or food and water contaminated with feces. Or through sexual contact
Term
What is wound botulism?
Definition
if spores enter a wound that is deep enough to provide an anaerobic environment for their germination and growth of bacteria and toxin. seen in substance abuse users.
Term
How do you make sauerkraut?
Definition

1. The cabbage is placed in a sealed container which creates an anaerobic environment.

 

2. Salt is added to prevent the growth of molds and draw moisture out of the cabbage.

 

3. Halotolerant bacteria ferment sugars in the cabbage and produce acids.

Term
Describe a virus.
Definition

1. Virus enter tissue cells.

 

2. Viruses replicate in cells.

 

3. Viruses have no cellular structure.

 

Term
How do you make Bt corn?
Definition
genes obtained from the bacterium Bacillus thruingiensis are inserted into the cells of the plant. The plant then produces a protein that is toxic to insect larvae. Only use part of the bacterian not the whole thing
Term
Why is Bt Corn made?
Definition
So that insect larvae feeding on the corn will die
Term
What is a mortality rate?
Definition
How many people died.
Term
What is transcription?
Definition
synthesis of mRNA from DNA template
Term
What is translation?
Definition
Synthesis of protein from mRNA
Term
Describe honey pasteurization.
Definition

Hone pasteurization...

1. Reduces the number of microbes such as natural yeasts.

 

2. It is not sterile.

 

3. Increases shelf-life of honey.

Term
What are some characteristics of hard cheeses?
Definition

1. More acidic than soft cheese.

 

2. Lower water content.

Term
Botulism is a _______ intoxication.
Definition

Food intoxication,

have to ingest the toxin

Term
Who was Mary Mallon?
Definition
Irish immigrant quiarantined for spreading typhoid fever
Term
What is a zoonotic disease and give an example.
Definition
a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Ex: ecoli
Term
What is added to sourdough bread and what does it produce?
Definition
Bacteria is added which produces acid. Acid makes it sour.
Term
What does penicillin do?
Definition
breaks down peptoglycagan
Term
What did Francesco Redi's experiment prove and what was the difference between the control and experimental flask?
Definition
Proved that maggots come from fly eggs, not my spontaneous generation from rotting meat. Difference was presence of flies.
Term
What is a fomite?
Definition
inanimate object
Term
What is the index case?
Definition
The source or first case
Term
What is a resevoir host?
Definition
Host to disease
Term
What is a vector?
Definition
transmits the disease
Term
What is an epidemic?
Definition
outbreak in one area (ex: influenza)
Term
What is a pandemic?
Definition
Outbreak in the whole world
Term
What is a endemic?
Definition
always in the population (cold)
Term
Does Hepatitis A have a vaccine?
Definition
yes
Term
How is salmonellosis cured?
Definition
Antibiotics or time, no vaccine
Term
Is a vaccine available for staphyloccal food intoxication?
Definition
No, antitoxin (post exposure)
Term
Is a vaccine available for botulism?
Definition
No.
Term
Describe infant botulism.
Definition
consumption of honey, may contain C. botulinum spores that can germinate in the infant's intestinal tract becasue the GI tract not fully colonized with normal microbes, and not fully developed. Bacteria then produce toxin.
Term
What does selective toxicity mean?
Definition
toxic to a characteristic found in the microbe cell that isn't in human cells.
Term
Growth of bacteria in beer is controlled by:
Definition

Alcohol content (prevents growth)

Addition of hops (adds activity)

Term
What is a sulfa drug?
Definition
protonsil red, a dye used to stain leather was non-toxic to animals but killed strepococci and staphylocci bacteria
Term
Potential Concerns Regarding Bt Corn
Definition

1. Eating foreign DNA

2. Deaath of harmless insect larvae

3. Allergies

4.Escape of genes into wild strains of plants

6. Contamination of organic crops

7. Homogeneity of crops

8. Patents on engineered seeds

Term
Benefts of Bt Corn
Definition

1. Reduced use of pesticides

2. Reduced use of herbicides.

3.Cold tolerance

4. Nutrition

5.Potential for disease and drought resistant plants.

6. Cheaper to grow and cheaper to buy

Term
What is the incubation period?
Definition
time from infection until symptoms appear
Term
What is a healthy carrier?
Definition
a person without symptoms of the disease who is infectious
Term
What is a morbidity rate?
Definition
Number of people infected in population
Term
What is common source epidemic?
Definition

single contaminated source from which indiciduals are infected,

ex: contaminated water/food, botulism

Term
What is a propagated epidemic?
Definition
usually results from introduction of an infected individual into a susceptible population, pathogen transmitted from person to person. ex: the flu, colds, chicken pox
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