Term
| SES: what is included in this category? |
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Definition
| Age, Gender, Religion, Income, Education, Race |
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Term
| SES: What theory supports this factor being included in the framework? |
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Definition
| Downsian scholars view political participation as a function of resources. Political resources lower costs for participation while they increase interest in politics and the skills necessary to participate. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: what is included in this category? |
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Definition
| Civic Duty/Social Pressure, Efficacy, Belief System/Membership, Linked Fate/Panethnicity, Political Trust, Political Efficacy |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: How has social pressure shifted with changing institutions in US? |
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Definition
| Post-1880s, sense of social pressure shifted with 1. rapid population growth & mobility, 2. Institutional changes such as introduction of secret balloting and party contact at the polls |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: What study showed the effects of social pressure on voter turnout? |
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Definition
| (Gerber, Green, & Larimer, 2008) b) Experiment intervention was postcard mailed to people reminding them of their civic duty and promising to publicize turnout to household/neighbors. Results, turnout went up dramatically. People do care what others think with respect to voting behavior. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: What do we know about Belief system/membership with respect to AA population? |
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Definition
| (Tate, 1991)"Black Political Participation in the 1984/1998 Presidential Elections" study showed Church and black political organization involvement had positive effect on turnout. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: Linked Fate What do we know about AA population? |
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Definition
| High linked fate (Olson, 1970; Verba & Nie, 1972) in spite of low SES, AA tend to participate actively b/c awareness of being members of disadvantaged groups drives them to seek political venues to improve their status |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: Panethnic identity What do we know about AA population? |
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Definition
| (Watts 2014) while linked fate as black people in US is strong, cultural differences btw AA and black immigrants from other origins such as Haiti makes a difference in how views on social issues such as immigration policy might motivate a person to vote. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: Panethnic identity What do we know about Latino population? |
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Definition
| (Min, 2014) panethnic identity bolsters nonvoting political participation. Latinos see protest, etc as opportunity to directly impact the system and citizenship not required to participate in this way. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: Linked Fate What do we know about Asian American population? |
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Definition
| (Wong, Ramakrishnan) Those who consider themselves as Asian Americans have similar linked fate to AA population, however it varies amongst groups of differing national origins. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: Panethnic identity What do we know about Asian American population? |
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Definition
| (Min, 2014) finds that panethnic solidarity SIGNIFICANTLY bolsters nonvoting participation but reduces propensity to vote among Asian Americans |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: Linked Fate What do we know about Latino population? |
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Definition
(Dawson, 1994) helps to overcome some of the political divisions we might anticipate based on SES factors.
Also, issues like immigration are solidifying political factors for Latinos. |
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Term
| Psychological Resources: What do we know about Political Efficacy and AA population? |
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Definition
| (Bobo & Gilliam, 1990) seminal work shows that AA in high AA-empowerment areas are more politically active than in AA living in low empowerment areas or white counterparts of comparable SES |
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Term
| Mobilization: What is included in this category? |
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Definition
| Direct contact (Party Contact/GOTV) and Indirect contact (HH/Family, Social Networks, Exposure) |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about voter mobilization efforts & messaging? |
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Definition
| (Gerber & Rogers, 2009) common lamentation by media and politicians that no one is voting might undermine turnout; therefore parties should project positive messaging |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about voter mobilization efforts & messaging on gratitude? |
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Definition
| (Panogpoulous, 2011) "Thank you for voting" Distinct from social pressure, thanking voters for participating in previous elections boosted participation in subsequent elections. |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about voter mobilization efforts & making a plan to vote? |
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Definition
| (Nickerson & Rogers, 2010) "Do You Have a Voting Plan" GOTV: Facilitating the formation of a plan to vote can increase turnout |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about race and party contact? |
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Definition
| (Shaw, Philpot, McGowen) Party mobilization was more powerful than psych resources in the 2008 election for AA voters |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about race and whether a politician will contact constituents? |
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Definition
| (Butler & Brockman, 2011) White legislators of both parties less likely to respond to AA constituents; minority legislators of both parties more likely to respond to AA constituents |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about race and party investment in Asian American vote? |
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Definition
| (Wong, et.al) Parties might be hesitant to invest in Asian American vote because of size of population (5.6%) and expense of reaching multiple languages. |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about race and party investment in Native American vote? |
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Definition
Historically, parties do not invest in Native American vote.
Expensive and no guarantee that this group will/can be mobilized to the polls.
1% of US population |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about race and party investment in Latino vote? |
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Definition
Hispanic 17% of population
Dem Party has invested in Latino GOTV over last several elections. (Pantoja, 2017) |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know generally about Indirect Contact in households? |
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Definition
| (Nickerson, 2008) Propensity to vote can be passed on to other members of HH; couples especially grow more similar over time |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about Indirect Contact in Asian American households? |
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Definition
| (Wong, 2000) Children of immigrants bring political ideas to the HH, rather than typical behavior of parent to child |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about Indirect Contact in social networks of African Americans? |
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Definition
| (McKenzie, 2004) Informal discussions amongst religious social networks is an effective stimulus of AA political participation |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about Republican Co-ethnic contact for Latinos? |
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Definition
| (Barreto & Nuno, 2009) When Latinos contacted by Latino R supporters, more likely to support Bush & R issues. When contacted by non-Latino R supporters, less likely. No effect with Democratic contact. |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about Democrat Co-ethnic contact for Latinos? |
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Definition
| (Michelson, 2003) Canvassing by Latino Democrats increased Latino turnout in rural CA election |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about political threat for African Americans? |
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Definition
| (Tate, 1991) "Black Political Participation in the 1984/1988 Presidential Elections" study showed that presence of political threat (Reagan) prompted AA voters to turn out. Descriptive candidate representation (Jesse Jackson) also increased turnout in 1998 election. |
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Term
| Mobilization: What do we know about political threat for Latinos? |
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Definition
| (Pantoja, Ramirez & Segura 2001; Merolla, Pantoja, Cargile & Mora, 2012) Prop 187, Wilson campaign in 1994 was a mobilizing factor for Latino voters |
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