Term
| Understand contact theory and group conflict theory (Amigo o Enimego) |
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Definition
-Contact Theory: Whenever Whites live close or within close proximity of immigrants or any ethnic or racial group, their attitudes tend to go up and they have more positive outlook. This comes from interaction, which disproves stereotypes
-Group conflict theory: As minorities increase in proportion of population, Whites began to fear that these groups will began eating into their resources (i.e. California). Happens when immigrant group are very large. Reaches “Tipping point.” |
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Term
| Understand both the optimistic and pessimistic implications that Lee and Bean give for the high rates of interracial marriage for Asians and Hispanics. (From: American’s Changing Color Lines) |
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Definition
-The optimistic view is that the color line is blurring and fading out for everyone due to higher rates of interracial marriage and immigration. This will force Whites to see other groups more equally. If interracial marriage increases as predicted 1/5 of population will claim multiple races.
- The pessimistic view is that the color line is not blurring for African Americans, whose rate of interracial marriage with Whites is low. While it benefits some groups, it does not benefit all groups. |
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Term
| Understand why Lee and Bean argue that they believe racial boundaries may be fading, they are not eroding at the same pace for all groups (From: America’s Changing Color Lines) |
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Definition
-They argue that immigration and interracial marriage have led to shifting of color line. AS this increases, the color line will become more blurred.
-However, Hispanics and Asians are intermarrying with Whites at much higher rate than African Americans, meaning the lines for AA may not be blurring at all. |
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Term
| Understand how the black/white paradigm of race has distorted the history of race relations in the U.S. (example: most texts of civil rights ignore the role that Hispanic fight for desegregation played in the eventual desegregation rulings) (From: Black/White Binary Paradigm of Race: The “Normal Sciences” of Racial Thought) |
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Definition
-Most accounts of civil rights movement and the events leading up to it have made it a strictly Black/White type of way. They do not make any mention of Chicano movement and Native American movement and the changes they pushed for which they typically do not credit for.
-It has minimized the contributions that other groups have made. It also minimize the discrimination faced by these groups |
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Term
| Understand what led to the “discovery” that Europe had inferior and superior races. (From: How Jews Became White Folk |
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Definition
-This discovery came about due to the impact of the Workers Rights Effort of early 1900s. It was mostly European immigrants who were in poor jobs in the North, the unionization efforts let the middle and upper classes who owned the means of production of goods were angry that the groups from other countries were striking and wanting better wages and working conditions so they label them as inferior
- They decided that if the immigrants were as good as they were, they would be in their higher position. Led to labeling of the groups as inferior and increased violence. |
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Term
| Understand within what social class and why the belief in European races took root most deeply. (From: How Jews Became White Folk. |
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Definition
| -It was the upper middle and upper classes that owned production of goods and service that led to the belief that groups were inferior; Rooted In belief of meritocracy. |
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Term
| Understand how the roots of contemporary criteria for college admission stemmed from the early 20th century anti-Semitism. (From: How Jews Became White Folk). |
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Definition
-In the early 1900s, only the wealthy could send their kids to college as a means for the upper class to continue the upper class.
- Jewish kids from non-upper class were getting into college and applying at higher rates. The upper class European Whites did not like that, so they instituted rules and roadblocks to keep Jewish people out of college.
-They would require photos and personal interviews and other things to weed out Jewish people. |
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Term
| Understand why the author of How Jews Became White Folk argues that the GI Bill and 1944 Serviceman’s Readjustment Act was the most massive affirmative action program in U.S. History. |
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Definition
-The GI Bill and the act afforded any men who fought in WWII and the Korean War lots of benefits. They were paid to go to college and received assistance in finding a home and a job.
-Women were not allowed to participate because they weren’t considered part of the military and did not get the benefits.
-African Americans were likely to be dishonorably discharged at a much higher rate than Whites by southern military leaders. They were also denied access to many of the job placement program, and when they were placed in low jobs.
-They were allowed to receive educational benefits from military, but PWI did not allow Black students. Whites were able to gain even more of an advantage over African Americans. |
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Term
| Understand how, according to the author of The Constraint of Race, the gains from the civil rights movement of the 60s have been transformed into a weapon to be used against people of color. |
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Definition
| -The CRM is over, discrimination is illegal so there I no one to blame but yourself if you are not equal with anyone. If you do not receive a job or a good education, it is your own fault. |
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Term
| Understand why public attitudes towards immigration are important (From: Esses Public Attitudes Toward Immigration after 9/11) |
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Definition
-Public attitudes toward immigration are important because public attitudes often times shape public policy.
-Negative attitudes tend to result in harsher immigration policies for those coming in and those that are already in the US.
-Public attitude also shapes public behavior to an extent. If there is a high level of negative opinion, peoples interaction is likely to be negative and the country as a whole is more likely to be hostile toward immigrants. |
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Term
| Understand why public attitudes towards immigration were expected to change after 9/11. (From: Esses Public Attitudes Toward Immigration after 9/11) |
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Definition
| Increased nationalism-everyone rallied around the flag. Immigrants, even legal ones, were viewed as outsiders especially since all who were involved in 9/11 had entered the country legally. |
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Term
| Understand how, according to the author of Failing to See, individualistic views leads whites to not understand how/why race plays a prominent roll in the lives of minorities. |
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Definition
| -Individualists see differences in statuses of races because of individual failures. From this perspective, only individual acts are perceived as racism, and not the overarching institutional racism that exists. |
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Term
| Understand the difference between ethnicity and race as talked about in Failing to See. |
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Definition
-Ethnicity is seen as our cultural background based n language, dress and food one eats. Different ethnicities can interact with each other in a normalized way. Ethnicity can stand on its own.
-Race only exists in relation and comparison to other races. It only makes sense when there are at least two groups. |
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Term
| Understand the role that fear plays in the lack of a racial dialogue both at the macro and micro levels of society. (From: Breaking the Silence). |
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Definition
-The idea that everyone is afraid to talk about race. Some are afraid of saying the wrong thing and offending minorities or displaying ignorance.
-In society in general, many Whites are hesitant to talk about race in a meaningful way for fear of being ostracized from others who do not share their views.
-They are more likely to point out racial actions rather than have productive dialogue.
-Minorities fear being accused of playing the race card. |
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Term
| Understand the excuses used by people who choose not to actively participate in the push for equal rights (From: How White People Can Serve as Allies to People of Color). |
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Definition
-Whites tend to say “if only minorities would : do more, weren’t so angry, would see that I am not like other white people, that I didn’t own slave, would give Whites a chance and realize they have hardships too, I only people of color didn’t depend on the government, if they don’t say ‘all white people’.
- Begins to be not an ‘if only’ statement but an ‘only if’ statement |
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Term
| Understand the reasons why the Author of How White People Can Serve as Allies of People of Color argues that whites should view racism as being everywhere, everyday. |
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Definition
| -The author sees it as true, and that there is no way around racism in the same way that gender affects everyone every day. Authors argue that race discrimination is just a prevalent as gender discrimination and affects everything (just like economics) |
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