Term
Who ruled China before the Ming Dynasty?
What did they call this dynasty? |
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Definition
| The Mongols ruled over the Ming Dynasty, and called it the Yuan Dynasty, meaning rule over China. |
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Term
| What are some contributions of the Ming Empire? |
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Definition
They created:
the umbrella,
porcelain pots,
landscape paintings,
firearms- rocket propelled arrows,
playing cards (900's). |
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Term
| What was the Silk Road? And were some of the things that were traded? |
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Definition
| The Silk Road was used as a trade route by the Mongols. It was a long-distance trade both by land and by sea.Items such as paper, waterwheel, compass, tea, silk, religion, porcelain and even disease were passed along when trading on the Silk Road |
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Term
| What was the Great Wall of China? What was it significance? |
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Definition
A. The Great Wall of China was 4163 miles long and was protection from Mongols.It did not allow anyone in, or anyone out.
B. All nine zones were consolidated under Ming Rulers. |
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Term
| What was the Forbidden (Imperial) City? |
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Definition
| 9999 rooms make it the largest palace in the world.The walls are off-limits to all commoners. |
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Term
| What was the significance of Hongwu? |
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Definition
Founder of the Ming Dynasty/ Military Leader
A. One of two dynastic emperors to rise from poverty.
1. Land Reform - taking land from the rich to section land into plots for lower class.
B. He abolished slavery, carried outlander form, harsh with corrupt government officials, strengthened the central government.
C. promoted Confucianism - revived civil service exam.
D. Grand Canal finished, internal agriculture developed, population up by 50% |
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Term
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Definition
A. Humanity -- the negative gold rules
B. Duty -- five relationships
1. parent -- child,
2. sibling -- sibling,
3. husband -- wife,
4. ruler -- subject,
5. neighbor -- neighbor |
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Term
| what was the school service exam? Why wasn't this the best way to choose officials? |
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Definition
| The civil service exam was an exam taken by scholars to determine if they would become officials and receive a full education. Although this was a test of skills and knowledge, he did not test if the person deserved the position based on his merit. |
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Term
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Definition
A. "perpetual happiness"
B. son of Hongwu
C. Pushed to expand China's influence -- tribute
D. sponsored Zheng He voyages to Indian Ocean -- ended after his death
E. moved capital from Nanjing to Beijing and built the Forbidden City.(Nanjing was moved north to Beijing) |
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Term
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Definition
Muslim, also called Mahe and Sanbao who sought tribute, not to conquer.
visited at least 37 countries. |
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Term
| Pro of having Zheng He voyages? |
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Definition
Maintains power and prestige in the Indian Ocean.
The lack of trading goods out of CU will lead to piracy.
There are no enemies
Gain respect, money, and tribute.
May lose shipbuilding and navigational skills |
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Term
| cons of having Zheng He voyages? |
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Definition
The middle kingdom produces all the goods we need.
If they have ships, they must protect them and there is no point spending money on gaming that protects overseas trade.
Too costly, taxes go up, people get angry
grain shipments do not need to be protected by the fleet now ( with the Grand Canal) |
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Term
| Decline of the Ming Empire? |
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Definition
A. "Ocean Devils" arrive -- allowed limited trade with the Portuguese -- clocks, eyeglasses, ideas...
B. Weak rulers, corruption, inflation, food production down, taxes up.
C. Rebellion led to the Emperor to suicide.
D. Manchus seized the opportunity to take over. |
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Term
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Definition
A. Manchurian's (non-chinese) makeup 2% yet cruel over the Chinese people.
B. all males ordered to dress and look Manchu -- shaved head, queue |
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Term
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Definition
rule for 61 years
Establish peace along frontiers
Patron of arts, poet
Christian missionaries tolerated
1300 churches, 300,000 converts
The "Sacred Edict" -- supported Confucianism
Execute corrupt government officials as an example. |
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Term
| Significance of Qianlong? |
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Definition
He ruled for 59 years.
Was a Qing ruler who was known for its tolerance, diligence, and intellectual curiosity. He promoted economic prosperity, administrative efficiency, and artistic excellence.
Offended British trade official George Macartney - led to no trade with Britain.
-- Kowtow - kneel to show respect |
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Term
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Definition
A. Manchu nobles held privileges and when, led banners (military units)
B. Dyarchy -- both Chinese and Manchus shared the top government positions.
C. Weakness- costly military campaigns, corruption, taxes up, peasant hardships, European pressure for trade (BEI- British East India Company) |
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Term
| Decline of the Qing Empire? |
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Definition
A. British demand more tea, silk, porcelain for cotton, then for silver
1. later, opium is defended China for the silver back.
B. British refused and opium trade, led to Opium War.
1. 1839-42, China defeated badly
2. Treaty of Nanjing
a. five ports open to British trade
b. get Hong Kong for 150 years
c. limit import taxes
d. pay war costs
C. economic problems led to the Civil War -- 20 million died
D. Spheres of Influence -- Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Japan.
E. Sino-Japanese War lost more land, money
F. provide China's society forces the "Last Emperor"
--Pu Yi |
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Term
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Definition
| When China refused to let the British come into China, the only contact would be through caution. The British did not accept this, negotiations failed, the British gave opium to to China, which caused them to be addicted. The Chinese wanted them to stop, but the British responded with force. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was an Italian Jesuit missionary, who gave the Chinese their first understanding of the West and provided Europeans with an accurate description of China. |
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