Term
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Definition
| Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, sulfur, potassium, chloride. |
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Term
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Definition
+ Bone structure
+ Regulates ion transport across membranes
+ Maintains blood pressure
+ Clots shit |
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Term
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Definition
| Milk, small fish, legumes, sesame seeds and broccoli. |
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Term
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Definition
+ Bone and tooth mineralisation
+ Intracellular pH buffer system
+ DNA & phospholipid & ATP constituent
+ Activates enzymes and some vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
| Meat, fish, eggs, poultry, milk, |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually secondary to vomiting, diarrhoea, alcohol abuse or rapid referring after starvation. Consequences include weakness, confusion, convulsions and abnormal eye movements. |
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Term
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Definition
+ 50% in bone
+ 49% body organs and tissues
+ 1% blood |
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Term
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Definition
+ Maintains muscle and nerve function
+ Keeps heart rate stead
+ Keeps bones strong
+ Regulates blood sugar levels and blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
+ Green vegetables such as spinach (chlorophyll)
+ Legumes |
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Term
| Absorption & secretion sodium |
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Definition
+ 95% sodium ingested is absorbed
+ Excreted in urine
+ Small amount lost by sweat |
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Term
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Definition
+ Maintenance of extracellular volume & BP
+ Acid-base balance
+ Membranal function |
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Term
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Definition
+ Table salt
+ Soy sauce
+ Processed food
+ Milk |
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Term
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Definition
| 97% Intracellular, renal regulation |
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Term
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Definition
+ Maintenance of cell volume
+ Membranal function |
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Term
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Definition
+ Cardiac arrhythmias
+ Muscle weakness/ paralysis
+ Metabolic acidosis
+ Accelerates bone calcium loss |
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Term
| Food sources of potassium |
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Definition
+ Salmon
+ Orange juice
+ Tomatoes
+ Bananas
+ Avocado |
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Term
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Definition
+ Volume maintenance
+ Acid- base balance
+ Gastric acid |
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Term
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Definition
+ Table salt
+ soy sauce
+ Processed food |
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Term
| Functions Sulphur/ Sulphate |
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Definition
+ Amino acids (methionine etc.)
+ Component of collagen & keratin
+ Component of water soluble vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
All protein containing food:
+Meat
+ Eggs, milk
+ Legumes |
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Term
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Definition
| Zinc, Boron, Copper, Selenium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Iodine, Iron |
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Term
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Definition
+ Cellular metabolism (esp. important in cells with rapid turn over)
+ Synthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids & proteins inc. insulin & steroids.
+ 90% stored in bone and muscle |
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Term
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Definition
+ Impaired growth
+ Immuno-dysfunction
+ Adverse pregnancy outcomes
+ Night blindness
+ Acrodermatitis enteropathica |
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Term
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Definition
+ Intake is regulated at absorption stage
+ Non-haem iron enhanced by Vit C, gastric HCl & citrate
+ Non-haem iron inhibited by phytates, fibre, oxalates, calcium & tannic acid. |
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Term
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Definition
+ Anaemia
+ Epithelial integrity compromised
+ Impaired growth
+ Impaired learning
+ Reduced muscle function
+ Lower immunity |
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Term
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Definition
+ Haemachromatosis: Genetic disorder usually
+ Symptoms of fatigue, lassitude. Liver, pancreas, cardiac, pituitary and gonadal tissue damaged. |
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Term
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Definition
+ Synthesis of haemoglobin
+ Synthesis of DNA
+ Brain development, function and synthesis of neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
+ Goitre (also found in toxicity)
+ Cretinism & impaired intellectual function |
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Term
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Definition
| + Constituent of thyroid hormones (act on gene transcription to regulate basal metabolic rate) |
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Term
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Definition
+ Component of amino acid selenocysteine
+ Possible protection against cancer |
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Term
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Definition
+ Helps formation of RBCs
+ Keeps blood vessels, nerves, immune system + bones healthy |
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Term
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Definition
+ Bone formation
+ Protein, fat & carb metabolism
+ Enzyme activator
+ Important in synthesis of glycoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
+ Increase steroid hormone levels
+ Plays role in cell membrane function
+ Metabolic regulator
+ Influences calcium homeostases |
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Term
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Definition
+ Enzyme cofactor
+ Aids hydrolysation and metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical components in plants responsible for colour and aroma. Some are thought to have an effect on cancer, stroke and metabolic syndrome. |
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Term
| Secondary metabolites of plants |
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Definition
+ Shikimic acid metabolism: Results in tannins, flavinoids, coumarins, lignans etc.
+ Isoprenoid metabolism: Results in carotene, cholesterol and plant sterols. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in chocolate and wine. Seen to reduce systemic hypertension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Such as in grapes. Have antimicrobial effects and thus increase dental hygiene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Naturally occurring compounds that mimic steroidal hormone oestrogen. Improve menopausal dysfunction, bone health and lipid physiology. |
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Term
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Definition
+ Important in prevention of disease
+ Potent antioxidants
+ Can form vitamin A |
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