Term
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Definition
| 2 Hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon; single bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the chief function of pepsin? |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of the intestinal tract that the stomach empties into is the _________. |
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Term
| It enhances the excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover. |
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Definition
| How does soluble fiber in the diet lower blood cholesterol level? |
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Term
1. Declining nutrient stores
2. Abnormal functions within the body
3. Overt signs |
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Definition
| A nutrient deficiency from inadequate intake (primary) develops in the following stages: |
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Term
| Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon. |
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Definition
| What is a typical response of the bond to changes in blood glucose? |
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Term
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Definition
| Your roommate Bob has just come back from the doctor where he was subjected to a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor provided him with dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. What would be consistent with the diagnosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| What part of the grain remains after being refined? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are used to detect nutrient deficiencies? |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex carbohydrates are used to form ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| _________ stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juices. |
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Term
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Definition
Which is the most calcium dense food?
A. Whole Milk
B. Cheddar cheese
C. Low-fat milk
D. Non-fat milk |
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Term
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Definition
What is the most likely reason for a person to have abnormally high blood ammonia levels?
A. Protein intake twice the RDA
B. Liver dysfunction |
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Term
| Electrical energy, Mechanical energy, and heat energy. |
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Definition
| In the body, what can the chemical energy in food be converted to? |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest lipoprotein (in size) |
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Term
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Definition
| The normal range for blood glucose |
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Term
| The presence of fat in the GI tract |
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Definition
| The slowing of absorption and digestion in the GI tract is associated with: |
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Term
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Definition
| Transporting nutrient molecules is the function of |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acid oxidation results in the production of |
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Term
| Giving health to unhealthy infants, infertility in women, & increased cancer-induced wasting |
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Definition
| The known health risks for being underweight include |
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Term
| The tolerable upper intake of a nutrient |
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Definition
| The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people |
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Term
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Definition
| Describe the anatomy of the GI tract |
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Term
*Triggering the release of pancreatic fluid
*slowing GI tract motility
*triggering the release of bile |
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Definition
| The chief functions of cholecystokinin are: |
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Term
1. diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. active transport |
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Definition
| List the different ways intestinal cells can absorb nutrients |
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Term
1. sex hormones
2. vitamin D
3. bile |
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Definition
| What can be synthesized from cholesterol? |
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Term
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Definition
| The name of the inactive form of the protein-splitting enzyme in the stomach: |
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Term
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Definition
| The application of heat or acid to a protein that causes its shape to change is known as ______________. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nutrient that is needed by the body and must be obtained from food is a/an __________. |
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Term
| A food with excess energy (calories) but little proteins, vitamins, and nutrients |
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Definition
| What is an empty calorie? |
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Term
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid |
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Definition
| Which fatty acid is missing four or more hydrogen atoms? |
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Term
A- Adequacy
B- Balance
C- Calorie control
D- Nutrient Density
M- Moderation
V- Variety |
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Definition
| What does ABCDMV stand for when diet planning? |
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Term
| With adequate levels of carbohydrates and fat. |
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Definition
| When is protein sparing in the body best achieved? |
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Term
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Definition
| ________ plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total amount of free amino acids in the circulation destined for deamination and excretion is the ________. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lower blood glucose levels |
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Definition
| What is the primary function of insulin? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ is the first major organ to receive nutrients that are absorbed into the lymph. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is used to supply some of the fuel needed by the brain only after the body has been fasting for a while? |
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Term
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Definition
| __________ is the immediate precursor for eicosanoids. |
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Term
| The Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and the colon. |
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Definition
| After swallowing, the order in which food passes through the GI tract is: |
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Term
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Definition
| Describe the structure of an antibody |
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Term
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Definition
| In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains : |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of all chemical reactions in living cells |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed: |
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Term
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Definition
| After digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be subjected to removal of its _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| What signals satiety and reduces food intake during a meal? |
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Term
| A food that provides more nutrients relative to its calories. The opposite of empty calories. |
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Definition
| What is a "nutrient dense food?" |
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Term
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Definition
| Percent total energy intake for Carboydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| What is not digested and stimulates intestinal muscle contractions? |
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Term
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Definition
_______ amino acids are the precursors of urea synthesis.
A. All
B. Essential
C. Nonessential |
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Term
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Definition
A high risk of heart attack correlates with high levels of
A. LDL
B. HDL
C. DHD
D. YMCA |
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Term
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Definition
What is meant by the amino acid sequence is the _______ of side chains in the protein.
A. Color
B. Number
C. Order
D. Catfish |
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Term
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Definition
| What nutrient makes up most of the endosperm? |
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Term
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Definition
| Spherical complexes of emulsified fats are known as ________. |
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Term
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Definition
The function of bile is to:
A. Initiate digestion of proteins
B. Cleave proteins
C. Excrete antibodies
D. Emulsify fats |
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Term
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Definition
__________ in the process whereby an amino group is combined with a keto acid to form an amino acid.
A. Deamination
B. Transamination
C. Animation
D. Triglycerides |
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Term
| C. Recommended Daily Allowances |
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Definition
Food labels express the nutrient content in relation to a set of standard values known as the __________.
A. Reference Daily Intakes
B. Reference Dietary Intakes
C. Recommended Daily allowances
D. Rats Date Aliens |
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Term
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Definition
| In the digestion of fats, emulsifiers function as ___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| An immediate consequence of a cellular deficiency of oxaloacetate is a slowing of ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| What types of reactions have simple compounds that are combined into one or more complex molecules? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of the GI tract to move |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary storage form of carbohydrates in the body. |
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Term
| The size of the amino group |
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Definition
| What differentiates one amino acid from another? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which body organ does not secrete digestive enzymes? |
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Term
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Definition
What can be used to gauge the amount of a person's abdominal fat?
A. Hydrodensitometry
B. Sweat Index
C. Waist circumference |
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Term
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Definition
| What is found on the microvilli and breaks apart small nutrients into the final products of digestion? |
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Term
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Definition
| The weight of the body less than the fat content is known as: |
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Term
| Oatmeal in high in soluble fibers that trap bile using more cholesterol for bile replacement. |
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Definition
| Why does oatmeal lower cholesterol? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is released to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration? |
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Term
| Free amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides |
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Definition
| After the digestion of proteins, ______, _______, and __________ are absorbed into the circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of glucose to pyruvate |
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Term
Fragment of a carb
Fragment of a fat
essential amino acid |
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Definition
| What can be used for the synthesis of a nonessential amino acid? |
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Term
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Definition
| What protein heals a wound? |
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Term
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Definition
| The cori cycle involves the interconversion of __________ and _______. |
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Term
| Liver alcohol dehydrogenase |
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Definition
| What plays a big role in regulating the elimination of alcohol from the body? |
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Term
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Definition
| _________ are made in the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| The oxidation of amino acidsnleads to the production of _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phospholipids are soluble in _______ and ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| The # of ATP molecules that can be produced is relative to the # of ________ atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
The most likely reason for having abnormally high blood urea level is b/c:
A. Protein intake 1/10 RDA
B. Cirrhosis
C. Kidney dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
Milk is treated with lactase preparation.
What happens? |
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Term
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Definition
| Major energy in most cells is: |
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Term
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Definition
| Recommended intake of dietary fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to determine protein utilization! |
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Term
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Definition
| In protein synthesis, ________ delivers the code to make proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is cholesterol made by the body? |
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Term
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Definition
| How quickly blood glucose goes back to normal: |
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Term
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Definition
_____ need the most time for digestion.
A. Carbs
B. Proteins
C. Alcohol
D. Fats |
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Term
|
Definition
Hey, whats the main organ that converts fructose to glucose after absorption?
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Small Intestine
D. Mouth |
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Term
| C. Essential amino acid content |
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Definition
The primary factor that governs the qualtiy of a protein is . . .
A. Calories
B. %protein
C. Essential amino acid content |
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Term
|
Definition
Nonnutrient substances found plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as:
Phyllochemicals
Phytoplasm
Phytochemicals
Photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Glycogen is mainly stored in the _____ and __________. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person allergic to milk would be sensitive to the ______ in milk. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person allergic to milk would be sensitive to the ______ in milk. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of _______________ has the most affect on the body's metabolic rate. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The structure of an enzyme is made up of ____________. |
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Term
| The sum of protein synthesis and degradation. |
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Definition
| What is protein turnover? |
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Term
| Calcium excretion increases with animal products. |
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Definition
| What is the relationship with protein intake and calcium metabolism? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Whats the lipoprotein that is responsible for transporting cholesterol back to the liver form the periphery? |
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Term
|
Definition
A characteristic of ketosis is. . .
A. Ketones in the blood
B. Liver dysfunction
C. Lowering of blood pH
D. Acetyl coA |
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Term
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Definition
| PEE DOES NOT GO WITH THE ELECTRIC TRANSPORT CHAIN |
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Term
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Definition
Catabolic reactions . . .
A. use energy
B. use oxygen
C. consume energy
D. release energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Starch has the ability to resist __________ by digestive enzymes. |
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Term
| The pancreas, think insulin? |
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Definition
| Which organ first responds to an increase in blood glucose concentration? |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Controls HCL to prevent acidity.
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary site of fat hydrolysis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Neuropeptide-Y does NOT NOT NOT |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of enzymes that oxidizes alcohol and drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
When blood glucose concentration falls, __________ is secreted to stimulate stored glucose.
A. Glucagon
B. Fiber
C. Gastrin
D. bile |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin are. . . . |
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Term
| Small intestine and the mouth |
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Definition
| Starch is digested in TWO places |
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Term
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Definition
| Pepsin is active in . . . |
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