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| study of the ways of life of early peoples through the examination of their physical remains |
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| objects made by people; used to study human past |
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| refers to the long period of time before people invented systems of writing |
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| refers to the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs |
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| study of people, their environments, and the resources available to them |
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| people who study how people lived in the past; rely more on written evidence than archaeologists |
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| Paleolithic people who moved from place to place as they followed game animals and ripening fruit |
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| a system of managing a government through departments run by appointed officials |
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| spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another; occurred through migration, trade, and warfare |
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| triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers |
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| Egyptian rulers; claimed divine support for rule; absolute power |
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| chief minister to supervise the business of government |
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| near present-day Cairo; where pyramids were built |
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| pharaoh of the New Kingdom; encouraged trade with eastern Mediterranean lands and sent expedition to Punt --> success |
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| pharaoh well known for military victories; expanded Egyptian rule |
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| form of picture writing (Egyptian); used to keep important records |
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| flat, black stone with writings in hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek |
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| plant used to make paperlike writing material |
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| Egyptian folk tale about an official forced to flee the kingdom but fights his way to fame |
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| large, pyramid-like buildings with steps; sloped towards the heavens; at the top stood a shrine to the chief god or goddess of the city |
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| system of writing of the Sumerians |
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| Sumerian; long, narrative poem about a goddess who falls in love with Giglamesh - he rejects her, and the goddess spends eternity making him miserable |
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| dealt with private rights and matters (business contracts, taxes, marriage, etc) |
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| governor that headed a Persian province |
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| exchanging one set of goods or services for another |
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| king of Babylon, known for publishing Code of Hammurabi; expanded Babylonian empire |
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| new king that revived the power of Babylon |
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| leader of the Persian armies |
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| moral standards of behavior |
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| spiritual leaders that emerged to interpret God's will |
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| large landmass that juts out from a continent |
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| seasonal wind; big defining feature of Indian life |
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| complex social class system; social groups into which people are born and from which they cannot change |
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| armies from Asia Minor; fought against Ramses and Egyptians |
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| according to Aryan belief, the single spiritual power that resides in all things |
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| people who devote their lives to seeking spiritual truths |
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| chiefs that led Aryan tribes |
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| collection of prayers, hymns, and other religious teachings (Indus Valley) |
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| fine, windblown yellow soil in ancient China |
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| groups of families who claimed a common (often mythical) ancestor |
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| system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other forms of support |
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| the divine right to rule, promoted by the Zhou |
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| rebirth of the soul in another bodily form |
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| refers to all the actions of a person's life that affect his or her fate in the next life |
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| the religious and moral duties of an individual |
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| large domeshaped shrines that housed the remains of the Buddha or other holy people |
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| the father or oldest male headed household |
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| trying to transform ordinary metals into gold |
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| collection of Confucius's sayings |
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| founded by Chinese philosopher, Confucius; mainly focused with worldly goals and government, placement in society, etc |
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| based on teachings by Chinese philosopher Hanfeizi; believed that order can be achieved with strict laws and harsh punishments |
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| founded by Laozi; sought to live in harmony with nature |
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| complete control of a product or business by one person or group |
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| stone wall that stretched thousands of miles; created by Emperor Shi Huandi |
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| trading route linking China with the west |
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| wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
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| conflict between the Myceneans and the Troy, possibly stemming from an economic rivalry -- winner = Troy |
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| the Greek version of the city-state |
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| government in which a king or queen exercises central power |
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| massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers |
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| rule by landholding elite |
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| government in which power is in the hands of a small, powerful elite |
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| Athenian philosopher; questioned many people about beliefs |
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| student of Socrates; also emphasized importance of reason |
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| Plato's most famous student; developed own ideas about government |
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| plays that told stories of human suffering; usually ended in disaster |
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| humorous plays that mocked people or customs |
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| most famous Hellenistic scientist; applied physics to make practical inventions |
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| new culture left behind by Alexander the Great; made from the blending of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian influences |
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