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midterm
influences of latin
68
Classics
Undergraduate 3
10/27/2008

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Term
5 distinct influences of latin upon English
Definition
1. military and commercial contact between the romans and teutonic tribes
2. roman occupation in Britain
3. teutonic invasions in britain
4. christianization of britain
5. norman conquest
Term
IE branch: Latin
Definition
Italic
Term
IE branch: sanskrit
Definition
indo-iranian
Term
IE branch: russian
Definition
balto-slavic
Term
IE branch: russian
Definition
balto-slavic
Term
IE branch: engish
Definition
germanic
Term
IE branch: etruscan
Definition
non-IE
Term
IE branch: greek
Definition
Hellenic
Term
IE branch: basque
Definition
Non-IE
Term
IE branch: anglo-saxon
Definition
Germanic
Term
which of the follwoing is NOT descended from vulgar latin? french, celtic, rumanian, spanish, portuguese
Definition
celtic
Term
the word ETYMOLOGY derives from:
Definition
greek
Term
the word SYLLABUS owes its modern form to:
Definition
a scribes copying error
Term
which word is NOT an acronym: radar, snafu, laser, crux, scuba
Definition
crux
Term
the loss of consonants, vowels, or entire syllables at the beginning of a word is a process known as:
Definition
apheresis
Term
Grimm's Law
Definition
voiceless stops p,t,k = become f, P (thorn)/th/ and h:: examples: L.piscis> mod E fish/ tres=three
Term
the traces of latin that survive in british place-names from the romano-celtic period:
Definition
suffixes -chester and -caster as in Manchester and Lancaster-- derive from CASTRA "military camp" and -wich as in greenwich is from L.viscus "villiage"
Term
Periods of English:
Definition
Old English (anglo-saxon): 450-1100 AD.; Middle English: 1100-1500 AD; Modern English: 1500-present
Term
Descriptive Dictionary
Definition
tells how a word is actually used; sets down usage as exists
Term
Prescriptive Dictionary
Definition
"prescribes" meaning to a word; how a word should be used; known to be "stuffy"/ attempts to regularize and forrmalize words, points of grammar, etc- language and words set forth as they should be
Term
bishop
Definition
n. 1. a high ranking christian cleric, in modern churches usually in charge of a diocese.
[
Term
butter
Definition
n.1. a soft yellowish or whitish emulsion of butterfat, water, air , and sometimes salt, churned from milk or cream and processed for culinary use.
[
Term
amethyst
Definition
n. 1. a purple transparent quartz used as a gemstone [(ME amatist
Term
guy
Definition
n. 1. a man, or fellow
[after guy faqkes (who planned to blow up house of parliament in 1605 in the gunpowder plot)
Term
paraphernalia
Definition
pl. n. 1. personal belongings [
Term
5 romance languages
Definition
french, italian, spanish, romanian, portuguese
Term
Vulgar Latin VS Classical Latin
Definition
vulg. latin: spoken by and writen by the common romans; somewhat grammatically simplified, and displaying differences in vocab= eg: V.lat. caballus but Lat. equus "horse"; vlat. battualia but lat pugna "fight"/ vlat. bucca but lat. os(oris) "moutch" Class. Lat: the elevated literary language of the romans
Term
examples of acronyms:
Definition
1. scuba- self contained underwater breathing apparatus
2.snafu- situation normal all fucked up
3.radar- radio detecting and ranging
Term
phonetic expansions of abbreviations (examples):
Definition
1.MC- emcee/ master of ceremonies
2.ok - old correct
3. ko- knock out
Term
back formations
Definition
1. emote from emotion
2. enthuse from enthusiasm - [
Term
apheresis
Definition
literally "a taking away"/ the lopping off of the initial letter(s) or syllable(s) of a word: cab from taxicab, bus from autobus
Term
aphesis
Definition
literally a "letting go " of a specialized case of apheresis that involves the loss of an initial unstressed vowel in a word: lone
Term
assimilation
Definition
prefixes are changed in form to blend with the base- this process usually occurs to make the pronunciation of the word easier: ad+gress+ion= ag+gress+ion (ad was transformed to ag) pg.35-36
Term
un-
Definition
"one" -unilateral, uniform
Term
prim-
Definition
"first" - primate, primeval
Term
tri-
Definition
"three"- trivial, tripartite
Term
quadr-
Definition
"four" - quadrilateral, quadrangle
Term
quart-
Definition
"fourth"- quart, quarter
Term
quint-
Definition
"fifth" - quintessence, quintet
Term
decim-
Definition
"ten, tenth"- decimate, december
Term
cent-
Definition
"hundred"- centennial, centipede, centurion
Term
mill-
Definition
"thousand"- millennium, mile, millimeter
Term
-(u)ple
Definition
"fold, or times (as a multiplication factor)" as in triple, or quintuple
Term
origins of the days of the week
Definition
formed by the anglo-saxons from the latin names with their own divinities substituted
Term
Sunday
Definition
day of the sun : dies solis
Term
Monday
Definition
'day of the moon' : dies lunae
Term
Tuesday
Definition
'Tiu's day- day of tiu, god of war' dies martis , the day of mars
Term
Wednesday
Definition
'Wodens day, day of woden/odin, chief of the anglo saxon gods' :mercurii dies, day of mercury
Term
Thursday
Definition
DIES JOVIS "jove's day"
named after the Norse god Thor; romans named it dies jovis (jove's day) after jove/jupiter- their most important god.
Term
Friday
Definition
dies veneris
day in honor of the norse goddess frigg.
to the romans: this day was sacred to the goddess VENUS and was known as DIES VENERIS
Term
Saturday
Definition
dies saturni "saturns day" by the ancient romans in honor of saturn. in anglo saxon: sater daeg.
Term
Aries
Definition
"The ram"
the golden ram whose fleece jason and the argonauts go on a quest to bring back to greece
Term
Taurus
Definition
"the bull"
the bull form zeus changes himself into to seduce and carry off europa (cf. this base in taurine, tauromorphic, taurobolium, tauroctony, etc)
Term
Gemini
Definition
the devine twins
castor and pollux (cf. geminate, etc)
Term
Libra
Definition
'the scales of balance' (only sign not represented by animal or person)
ruled by planet venus
Term
Aquarius
Definition
often associated with the mythological figure of odysseus, king of ithaca (from the trojan war) "cupbearer of the gods" or "the water carrier"
traditionally ruled by the planet saturn- uranus has been considered a modern ruler of this sign
Term
Cancer
Definition
"the crab"
ruled by the moon
(the 12 trials of heracles) battling hydra, hera sent down giant crab- crushed under heracles foot before defeating hydra.
Term
Leo
Definition
"the lion"
ruled by the sun
stems from 12 heracles trials
heracles eventually defeated lion hand to hand/paw battle
Term
Virgo
Definition
'the virgin'
ruled by mercury
-persephone goddess of innocence and purity
-tale of pandora: opened jar and let loose all the evils unto the world- gods fled back to heaven escaping evil.
-only sign represented by a female
daughter of zeus and themis, astraea.
goddess of justice
Term
scorpio
Definition
'the scorpion' ruled by mars and pluto
tale of orion-son of poseidon and eurayle.
apollo created sqorpion to kill orion, his brothers favorite hunting partner- they battled, orion died
Term
Sagittarius
Definition
'the archer'
ruled by jupiter
representative of the centaur, Cherion. (immortal)- saved prometheus and died.
Term
Capricorn
Definition
"the goat"
ruled by the planet saturn
represents the goat amalthea who fed the infant zeus.
Term
Pisces
Definition
"the fishes"
ruled by the planet neptune
represents the goddess of love and beauty, aphrodite and the god of love, eros
-encounter with vicious typhoon:zeus turned them into fish so they could survive
Term
etymology
Definition
[grk. metonymia "change of name"]
Term
synecdoche
Definition
[grk. synecdoche "recieiving jointly"]
Term
Early Greek History: Linear B tablets
Definition
oldest written records of greek; contain administrative records, lists of greek gods, but no myths.
Term
recondite
Definition
[l. reconditus
Term
scandinavian influences on place-name suffixes
Definition
-by "town"
-thorp(e) "villiage"
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