Term
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Definition
Date: 1935-1937
Location: Bear Run, Pennsylvania
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Term
Falling Water
Date: 1935-1937
Location: Bear Run, Pennsylvania
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Definition
Natural Materials
Orthogonal projecting forms
Geometric
Uses butt-edge glazing
Open plan
Similar to Schroder House
Defined spaces by views
Brings outside indoors
Stone wall: helps relate building to site and contextual materials
Floating appearance
Architect designed his own furniture
Staircase appears to float on the water |
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Term
Name: Robie House
Date: 1909
Location: Chicago, Illinois
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Definition
In plan the Robie house has two interlocking rectangles
•Frank Lloyd Wright was influenced by Japanese architecture and craft in his design
•The Robie house incorporates nature into the building
•Materials used in the building include steel beams, concrete, and most importantly roman brick for the exterior
•The Roman brick emphasizes horizontality
•Vertical elements are pulled back to increase the sense of horizontality
•The roof is cantilevered out
•Building represents the idea of the Japanese idea of the sky and the ground
•The mortar joints were done in a way to emphasize horizontality
•Building is very private in nature. It cannot be viewed easily from the outside
•There is a series of spaces you go before you arrive at the entry
•The main entry is nestled into the back of the building away from the main sidewalk
•The interior has organic design motifs
•The Robie house is an example of total design (FLW was involved in all the parts of construction)
•In the interior the spaces are free flowing
•The interior rooms are not necessarily defined as square shaped
•Robie House is an example of “Prairie” style which was a term coined by others about FLW work.
•The sense of horizontality reflects the flat vastness of the Midwest prairies
•Style started to represent the environment of the region
•Key parts of Prairie style: Roman brick, steep cantilevered roof, horizontal emphasis
•Design is based on surrounding environment |
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Term
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Definition
Date: 1909
Location: Chicago, Illinois
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright |
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Term
Fosse Ardeatine
1947-51
Rome
N. Aprile, C. Calaprina, A. Cardelli, M. Fiorentino, and O. Perugini |
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Definition
mark the site of the murder of 353 Italians by Germans in retaliation for a bombing
inside the cave where this murder took place
“fosse” simply means “cave”
“aredeatine” is in reference to “road”
competition project
winning team was comprised of five architects and two sculptors
two parts to the structure: entrance and mausoleum
mausoleum: constructed of a giant concrete slab
plain exterior
every victim marked inside
no stylistic response to the horrors of the war
The Italians actually started out the war on the side of the Germans, so they cannot claim triumph
structure therefore does not reflect a victorious attitude |
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Term
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Definition
1947-51
Rome
N. Aprile, C. Calaprina, A. Cardelli, M. Fiorentino, and O. Perugini |
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Term
Name: Seagram Building
Location: New York City
Year: 1958
Architect: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Definition
"less is more"
express power in the center of the financial world
highly valued void, like Central Park
double layering that emphasizes the vertical
grounded with structure
understanding of the depth of the curtain wall
I-beams
steel column is buried in fire proofing metal
zigzag steel column--vertical emphasis
pull the structure from outside to inside |
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Term
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Definition
Location: New York City
Year: 1958
Architect: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Term
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Definition
Rome
1950-54
Mario Ridolfi & Ludovico Quaroni |
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Term
Tiburtino
Rome
1950-54
Mario Ridolfi & Ludovico Quaroni |
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Definition
Random village
Organic community: represents democracy
No order
3 shapes of buildings
Lack of boundaries
Appears like historic center of rome
Only ordered in plan
Walls: painted plaster w/ wooden shutters
Scenic, spontaneous
Like traditional village
Tries to reject monumentalism
Creation of medieval village: simplicity, humility, morality, agrarian |
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Term
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Definition
Plano, Illinois
1951-52
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Term
Farnsworth House
Plano, Illinois
1951-52
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Definition
minimalistic
doesn't harmonize or dominate landscaping
raised off ground
meets ground with stair treads
porch consists of only floor slab, with no covering/roof
structure: independent of cladding system
open layout
interior partition walls create organization
furniture is even minimalistic
result: impractical for owner |
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Term
The Kimbell Art Museum
Date: 1966-72
Location: Fort Worth, TX
Architect: Louis Kahn |
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Definition
Traditional: Roman Vaults, Repetition, symmetry, portico
Modern: Glass wall courtyard, concrete technology, skylights
16 parallel vaults: 100' long, 20' high, 20' wide
grouped into 3 wings
uses travertine inside and outside |
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Term
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Definition
Date: 1966-72
Location: Fort Worth, TX
Architect: Louis Kahn |
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Term
The Guggenheim Museum
1959
NYC
FLW |
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Definition
houses modern & contemporary art
ramp that curves around to lead visitors around museum
visitors entered from the top and moved down
when built, the art community was upset because the ramp was tilted and made viewing art, difficult
context is very traditional, which causes this building to stand out
uses neg. space to draw users in
oculus brings in natural light
made out of concrete, but arch wanted stone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
The Woodland Chapel
1915-40
Stockholm, Sweden
Gunnar Asplund |
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Definition
structure: modern Scandinavian & classical Greek
Simple columns show order & relate to trees around site
simple stucco and local materials: help ground materials to site
Pantheon has similar structural plan |
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Term
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Definition
1915-40
Stockholm, Sweden
Gunnar Asplund |
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Term
Ledbetter House
1947
Norman, OK
Bruce Goff |
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Definition
not rectilinear plan
round canopy juts over drive way
bridge takes you to second floor, over water
back wall of house is stacked stone
stone hints at organic form
very unique design at time of being built
arch unconventionally used steel in overhangs + organic materials (glass/vegetation)
little to no boundaries to outside--only boundary is glass
continues outside to the inside by making a garden inside right next to the outside garden |
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Term
The Tabernacle Church & North Christian Church
Eliel & Eero Saarinen
Columbus Indiana |
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Definition
Tab: inspired by Scandinavian architecture
simple box
proportions of a shoe box
symmetrical & proportional-like classical churches
modern materials & wood
craft shows Scandinavian Arch the most
lack of ornamentation
North Christ.: sculpture oriented arch
mod future geometry
contrasted against Tab Church
hexagonal volume: spaceship
materials: reinforced concrete (not used in Tab Church)
Diff: way they touch ground and entrance
Tab: elevated on pedestal with tactile stairs
North. Christ: provides view & then hides it & shows it to provide dramatic entrance
dug into ground (completely opp from Tab), makes people walk into ground |
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Term
Woodland Cemetary
Stockholm, Sweden
Gunnar Aspland and Sigurd Lewerentz
1915-40 |
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Definition
preserve existing site
open landscape
integrates purity and simplicity
rooted architecture
classical elements (esp. Roman arch)
local and traditional materials
Roman arch was precedent
int. Roman spaces |
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Term
Woodland Cemetary
Stockholm, Sweden
Gunnar Aspland and Sigurd Lewerentz
1915-40 |
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Definition
preserve existing site
open landscape
integrates purity and simplicity
rooted architecture
classical elements (esp. Roman arch)
local and traditional materials
Roman arch was precedent
int. Roman spaces |
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Term
The Dymaxion House
1920-50
Buckminster Fuller |
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Definition
Wants to use technology to create architecture
Dynamic + maximum efficiency
11,000 sq ft-$65,000-100 man hours
Steel/aluminum/plastic
Housing shortage: CGI’s are coming back from war, needing homes
2 million homes/year
Rededicating efforts to affordable housing |
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Term
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Definition
1920-50
Buckminster Fuller |
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Term
Crown Hall @ IIT
Chicago, Illinois
1956
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Definition
Worked out Farnswoth issues
Uninterrupted space, free of structure
Steel plate girders
Minimal: stairs/porch
Building touches ground
Classical plan
Similar to Shinkel’s Altemuseum: regulating bays, no pediments
Diff from Farnsworth: scale/use, public space, greater sense of enclosure because you’re further away from glass |
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Term
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Definition
Chicago, Illinois
1956
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Term
860 Lakeshore Drive
1949-51
Chicago, Illinois
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Definition
Skyscraper challenge, can’t pull structure outwards
Apartment buildings
Steel structure, has to be covered with fireproof
Uses metal skin
I beams to emphasize verticality & act as regulating bays |
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Term
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Definition
1949-51
Chicago, Illinois
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe |
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Term
The Richards Medical Building
1951-61
Philadelphia
Louis Kahn |
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Definition
Buildings joined together by axis and cross-axis
Servant & served spaces: look different
Mech & Circulation: can be read from exterior |
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Term
| The Richards Medical Building |
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Definition
1951-61
Philadelphia
Louis Kahn |
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Term
The Salk Institute
1964-65
La Jolla, CA
Louis Kahn |
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Definition
Blending archaic & modern
Beaux Arts planning strategies
Buildings Fan out to get view of ocean
Axis & Cross Axis
Tactile/Warm
Zig zag forms allow for views |
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Term
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Definition
1964-65
La Jolla, CA
Louis Kahn |
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Term
Complexity and Contradiction in Arch
1966
Robert Venturi |
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Definition
Picks out his own images in history
300 images
Begins with an ironic passage: he likes boring architecture, but also interesting architecture.
Criticizes buildings and calls out architects |
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Term
Guild House
Philadelphia
1960-63
Robert Venturi & John K. Raunch |
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Definition
senior housing
built from cheap materials
affordable
symmetrical façade
column right in middle of axis, blocking entry door
goes against classical rules
arch @ top signifies senior common room
Crowns bldg. with tv antenna
Prec. appears to be post office in Naples & Borgo Panigale
Italian rationalism |
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Term
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Definition
Philadelphia
1960-63
Robert Venturi & John K. Raunch |
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Term
Vanna Venturi House
Chestnut Hill, PA
1962
Robert Venturi |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chestnut Hill, PA
1962
Robert Venturi |
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Term
Portland Building
Portland, Oregon
1980-83
Michael Graves |
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Definition
architect begun as a modernist, with white boxes
then he turned to history and became a post-modernist
Design Competition
Simple geometric forms
cube stacked on base
scale defined by windows
triangular brackets
exaggerated keystone (only for ornament) |
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Term
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Definition
Portland, Oregon
1980-83
Michael Graves |
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Term
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Washington DC
1981-83
Maya Lin |
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Definition
America Lost & 58,000 americans died
Challenge: how do you memorialize that?
Blind Design Competition
Black Granite "V"
Carved into the ground
Names enscribed on V
Allows people to commemorate the war w/o est. single meaning
designed with site in mind
Names ordered by time of death
allows people to run fingers over and feel names and "pain"
black granite reflects us in it and how we played a part in the war |
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Term
| Vietnam Veterans Memorial |
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Definition
Washington DC
1981-83
Maya Lin |
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Term
| Learning from Las Vegas: the forgotten symbolism of architectural form |
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Definition
Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown & Steven Izenour
1977 |
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Term
Wainwright Building
St. Louis
1890
Dankmar Alder & Louis Sullivan |
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Definition
materials: terracotta & steel
helps with fire retard.
Arch enjoys art of it-high craftsmanship
emphasizes verticality
entablature: highly ornamented
linear organic forms
symmetrical
roman composite column
clean frame draws interest to capital |
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Term
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Definition
St. Louis
1890
Dankmar Alder & Louis Sullivan |
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Term
Larkin Building
Buffalo, NY
1904
FLW |
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Definition
looks @ context
verticality
emphasizes machine:
-Egyptian motifs
-steel frame
-A/C
Monumental
Inward focus
Historical references
Well-lit area: atrium
brings machine focus to center of building |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
The Gene & Nancy Bavinger House
Norman, OK
1950
Bruce Goff |
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Definition
Created for the dean of arts & sciences
wants to build w/ students
spiral form: connected to landscape
uses redrock
cables supporting roof structure
pods hung as rooms with privacy curtains
hung plants to bring outside indoors
little barriers btw inside & outside |
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Term
| The Gene & Nancy Bavinger House |
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Definition
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