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| a grand story explaining the origins of something |
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| (Western meta-narrative from Blaut): claims that there was something unqiue about Europe that caused Europeans to develop a superior civilization |
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| scholars often project the way that people view the world today and the values they hold today onto the agents of the past |
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| Blaut's view of Western histriography |
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| He criticizes Western histriography as claiming that "civilization" is the result of only a small number of socieities across time. |
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| Westernized "markers" of "civilization" |
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- domestication of plants and animals
- use of writing
- use of metallurgy (ability to cast metal: bronze, copper, iron, steel) |
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- complete cuneiform of writing in Sumeria (Mesopotamia) @ 4600 years ago
- Indus script @ 5500 years ago
- Vinca script: Seria @ 7300 years ago
- Jiahu script: China @ 8600 years ago |
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Bronze considered the oldest form of metallurgy.
- used tin and copper
- mesopotamia @ 6000 years ago
- bronze used in china and southeast asia occurred at the same time or earlier than bronze use in Mesopotamia |
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| Eastern Hemisphere during the 5th century BC |
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| - defeated Babylonians and introduced Zoroastrinism as the official state religion |
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| During his rule, there was a new philosophical and religious concept of tolerance emerging in other parts of the World (Asia, Africia, ect.) |
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| the Socratic Method emerges in Greece in 5th-4th century BC |
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| Prince Siddhartha Gautama has become "Enlightened" - teaches Buddhism |
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| Confuscious develops a new philosophical tradition: that the ruler rules by the "mandate of heaven." |
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| Different types of states in India (during 4th-5th century) |
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1. absolute monarchies
2. limited monarchies (similar to "constitutional monarchies"
3. republics (similar to what existed in Athens) |
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| (313 AD) issued by Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire, allows Christianity to become the state religion of Rome. |
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| (or Byzantium) built by Constantine, it's the second Roman Capital. Ruled by a Caesar. |
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| (476 AD) Rome falls to the Barbarians, however the Eastern half (Constantinople) of the Roman Empire remains in place. |
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| After the fall, the capital continued to function with its own emperor for another 1000 years. |
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| What the West calls the second (or Eastern) Roman Empire |
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| Human beings and the larger universe are connected, they are "mirrors" of each other. Hence, the importance of astrology. |
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| Who ruled in Western Europe? |
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Kings/Queen were ruled by "Divine Right"
- Holy Roman Emperors of Western Europe were crowned in Rome by the Pope |
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| Caliphs and Sultans ruled by will of God |
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| the Kings were said to be human incarnations of the gods (Dena Rajas) |
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| Rulers in Buddhists states |
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| Kings were "Buddha Rajas" |
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| Rulers in Confucian society |
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| the Kings or the emperors ruled by the "Mandate of Heaven" |
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