• Reinforcement theory
• Modeling theory- our opinions are modeled on the views and actions of others
• Cognitive dissonance theory- illustrate the audience's iconsistency of their current stance on your position
• Motivated Sequence- Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action

• Interest- a topic that the audience would be interested in
• Purpose- what is their purpose for listening
• Knowledge- what knowledge do they alrdy have

• grab audiences attention
• inform audience of topic
• gives the audience a reason to listen
• establishes credibility of the speaker

• Remind audience of topic and main points
• notifies audience that you have finished
• links to introduction

• apology
• rhetorical questions
• offensive humor
• abruptness
• melodrama
• flattery

• lack of accuracy
• lack of propriety (YOLO)
• lack of force 
• use of rhetorical questions
• use of wordiness
• use of loaded words (feminist)
• use of cliches
• lack of precision
• lifting out of context

• appearance
• facial expressions
• eye contact
• posture 
• gestures

• Event
• Physical Environment
• Time Factor

• Topic
• Audience Analysis
• Data needed

• Proximity
• Relevancy
• Significance
• Variety
• Suitability

• Authority- experience of knowledge qualifies source as reliable
• Bias- implied or stated political or ideological preference
• Content/Curency- Depth of material supplied, age of info, quality of writing
• Design- Layout and user-friendly Web

• Interest- interested in what your speaking about
• Purpose- why are you presenting a speech
• Knowledge- how much do you alrdy know

1. Control you fears
2. Think positively
3. Be prepared
4. Focus on audience
5. Learn from experience

1. Statistics
2. Narratives
3. Anecdotes- personal story
4. Analogy
5. Testimony- expert opinion
6. Sensory evidence
7. Comparing/contrasting

• Chronological organization
• Spatial organization- according to geography
• Process orginization- series of step-by-step
• Priority organization
• Casual organization- cause and effect
• Problem solution organization

• fluidity
• tone
• rate
• pitch
• volume
• pauses

• echo God's reality, not our own
• define reality through symbols
• communication is our gift from God

• when we communicate, we expand God's original creation by making and sharing our ways of life

• captures idea of communciation that is just right for a situation

• allows us to spread grace through all aspects of our lives and cultures
• allows us to commune at work and play
• to share the gospel
• and to celebrate life in shalom

misommunication

use and misuse of gifts

time and space limitations

• people use symbols to create their own, subjective versions of reality
• Augstine- importance of cummunal rather than personal interpretation

omission- fail to communicate what and when we should

comission-misuse of gifts of communication

forcing our symbolic reality on weaker people or groups

manipulating others

• technology obsession
• quality is declining
• we forget the truthfulness in our communication